IRI 2001/90 TEC predictions over a low latitude station

Total electron content (TEC) over Tucumán (26.9°S, 294.6°W) measured with Faraday technique during the high solar activity year 1982, is used to check IRI 2001 TEC predictions at the southern crest of the equatorial anomaly region. Comparisons with IRI 90 are also made. The results show that in general IRI overestimates TEC values around the daily minimum and underestimates it the remaining hours. Better predictions are obtained using ground ionosonde measurements as input coefficients in the IRI model. The results suggest that for hours of maximum TEC values the electron density profile is broader than that assumed by the model. The main reason for the disagreement would be the IRI shape of the electron density profile.     

空间飞行器近尾区内场和密度的数值计算

利用Fourier变换的方法，研究了运动飞行器与周围等离子体，在近尾区内非稳态非线性相互作用问题，得到了场和密度扰动的分布，结果显示，由于场的塌缩效应，在飞行器的近尾区，有可以被探测到的密度空洞和电磁孤波形成。通过对这种密度空间和电磁孤波的探测，可以跟踪探测隐身飞行器的轨迹。     

空间碎片云演变过程的阶段划分

根据碎片云从破碎点开始向空间扩散过程中碎片密度和形状的变化规律,以几何形状和起主要作用的因素为特征,定义了球形、椭球形、绳形、螺旋线形、全方位弥漫直至球壳形六个演变阶段.论述了在各个阶段的主要特征和对演变过程起主要作用的因素.总结了与演变过程相关的轨道运动理论和研究方法,分析了各个阶段演变的动力学原理.在球形阶段起主要作用的是分离速度;椭球形阶段可以利用线性化相对运动方程进行分析;绳形与螺旋线形在几何上有质变,但都有结点和结线,并可以利用速度增量理论分析和解释其存在的原因.轨道摄动力消除了结点和结线,导致碎片云的全方位弥漫,并最终使碎片云趋于球壳形.推导和罗列了各阶段转换标志点时刻的计算公式,利用计算机仿真的方法,给出了近地轨道各个阶段碎片云分布示意图,验证了演变过程阶段划分的合理性.     

Mg—Li合金的过去,现在与将来

论述了国外Mg－Li合金研究的历史和现状，着重介绍了Mg－Li三元合金（Mg－Li-Al系、Mg－Li-Zn系、Mg－Li-Ag系等其他三元系）、四元以上合金等几个重要体系，并提出了Mg－Li合金发展的方向。     

Structure-aware fusion network for 3D scene understanding

In this paper, we propose a Structure-Aware Fusion Network(SAFNet) for 3D scene understanding. As 2D images present more detailed information while 3D point clouds convey more geometric information, fusing the two complementary data can improve the discriminative ability of the model. Fusion is a very challenging task since 2D and 3D data are essentially different and show different formats. The existing methods first extract 2D multi-view image features and then aggregate them into sparse 3D po...     

Atmospheric Aerosol and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Formation: A Possible Influence of Cosmic Rays?

A physical mechanism which may have a potential to connect climate with cosmic rays (CR) involves aerosol particle formation by CR generated atmospheric ions followed by new particle growth. Only grown particles can scatter sunlight efficiently and can eventually act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and thereby may influence climate. Moreover grown particles live longer as they are less rapidly scavenged by pre-existing larger particles. The present paper discusses aerosol particle formation and growth in the light of new measurements recently made by our MPIK Heidelberg group. Emphasis is placed upon the upper troposphere where very low temperatures tend to facilitate new particle formation by nucleation. The new measurements include: laboratory measurements of cluster ions, aircraft measurements of ambient atmospheric ions, and atmospheric measurements of the powerful nucleating gas H₂SO₄ and its precursor SO₂. The discussion also addresses model simulations of aerosol formation and growth. It is concluded that in the upper troposphere new aerosol formation by CR generated ions is a frequent process with relatively large rates. However new particle formation by homogeneous nucleation (HONU) which is not related to CR also seems to be efficient. The bottleneck in the formation of upper troposphere aerosol particles with sizes sufficiently large to be climate relevant is not nucleation but growth of small particles. Our recent upper troposphere SO₂ measurements suggest that particle growth by gaseous sulphuric acid condensation is at least occasionally efficient. If so CR mediated formation of CCN sized particles should at least occasionally be operative in the upper troposphere.     

一种新的计算非稳态流动的自适应无网格方法

基于带权点填充布点方法,结合指定流场参数梯度的分布,提出了一种新的无网格自适应方法计算非稳态问题。该方法的自适应探测器 E 由节点的权重和参数梯度组成。使用自适应探测器识别出加密或者粗化的区域,形成加密空腔和粗化空腔,然后重新填充布点。新节点的权重由自适应探测器 E 结合该处的梯度大小通过预测-校正迭代算法计算得到。另外,由于参数梯度在激波附近波动范围比较大,所以新节点的权重存在最大值和最小值。首先对预先设置压强梯度的流场区域进行自适应布点,并与传统自适应布点结果进行对比,点云分布图显示所提自适应方法重新生成的点云结构疏密分布更加合理。进一步,将此自适应方法应用于 Riemann 问题和激波碰撞圆柱问题,计算结果表明该方法可以在节点数目较低的情况下显著提高运动激波的分辨率。在激波碰撞圆柱问题中,比较了使用自适应算法和非自适应算法得到相当的结果所使用时间,前者是后者的20.6%,因此该自适应算法在计算效率方面也具有较大的优势。     

Development of a new cloud model for Venus (MAD-VenLA) using the Modal Aerosol Dynamics approach

For decades, clouds have remained a central open question in understanding the climate system of Venus. We have developed a new microphysical model for the clouds of Venus that we describe in this paper. The model is a modal aerosol dynamical model that treats the formation and evolution of sulfuric acid solution droplets with a moderate computational cost. To this end, the microphysical equations are derived to describe the evolution of the size distribution of the particles using the moments of the distribution. We describe the derivation of the equations and their implementation in the model. We tested each microphysical process of the model separately in conditions of the Venus’ atmosphere and show that the model behaves in a physically sound manner in the tested cases. The model will be coupled in the future with a Venus Global Climate Model and used for elucidating the remaining mysteries.     

AECSC-J ASMIN湍流燃烧仿真软件研发和检验

航空发动机燃烧室几何结构复杂,湍流和化学反应存在强烈非线性相互作用,需要对流动和燃烧及其相互作用进行高精度高时空分辨率的刻画,目前燃烧室湍流燃烧数值模拟仍然是高难度的瓶颈问题之一。介绍了由北京航空航天大学航空发动机数值仿真研究中心、北京应用物理与计算数学研究所和中国工程物理研究院高性能数值模拟软件中心联合研发的AECSC-JASMIN软件主要框架、算法以及针对该软件的算例检验。在Sandia射流火焰、支板火焰和单头部燃烧室检验算例中,对比实验数据,射流和支板火焰预测结果与实验值一致;支板算例的平均相对误差在15%之内;单头部燃烧室模拟结果符合物理实际,总压损失与实验值基本吻合。说明AECSC-JASMIN软件可用于复杂结构高分辨率高精度湍流燃烧数值模拟。     

陶瓷隔热瓦力学性能影响因素及其稳定性控制

通过研究陶瓷隔热瓦力学性能与密度之间的变化关系,发现陶瓷隔热瓦的密度均匀性是影响其力学性能稳定性的重要因素.通过工艺改进制备了力学性能稳定的陶瓷隔热瓦,陶瓷隔热瓦的平均拉伸强度由0.250 MPa提高到0.786 MPa.结果表明:提高陶瓷隔热瓦的密度均匀性是控制其力学性能稳定性的有效途径.