Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions

As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20 years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources.     

飞行器滑模变结构姿态控制器参数优化设计

研究了大气层外飞行器姿态控制器设计。基于误差四元数建立飞行器姿态运动学与动力学方程,用滑模变结构控制方法设计控制器,通过构造Lyapunov函数验证了控制器具全局稳定性和鲁棒性。以控制器参数为优化变量,机动时间为优化指标,飞行器发动机输出力矩为约束条件,用粒子群算法实现对滑模控制器参数的优化设计。仿真结果表明：控制器设计可行且有效,并能对参数进行优化。     

Chang'E-1 Lunar Mission:An Overview and Primary Science Results

Chang'E-1 is the first lunar mission in China, which was successfully launched on Oct. 24th, 2007. It was guided to crash on the Moon on March 1, 2009, at 52.36oE, 1.50oS, in the north of Mare Fecunditatis. The total mission lasted 495 days, exceeding the designed life-span about four months. 1.37 Terabytes raw data was received from Chang'E-1. It was then processed into 4 Terabytes science data at different levels. A series of science results have been achieved by analyzing and applicating these data, especially "global image of the Moon of China's first lunar exploration mission'. Four scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved. It provides abundant materials for the research of lunar sciences and cosmochemistry. Meanwhile these results will serve for China's future lunar missions.      

无人机系统的卫星中继数据链

针对大中型无人机系统实现远程测控与信息传输的技术需求,在参考国外＂捕食者＂、＂全球鹰＂等先进无人机系统技术体制和实现方案的基础上,提出了利用商业或军用通信卫星作为空中中继平台,建立无人机卫星中继数据链,实现我国远程无人机系统的超视距遥控、遥测和侦察信息实时传输的解决方案,这对延伸无人机系统的作用距离、提高作战效能具有重要意义。文中分析了无人机系统卫星中继数据链的技术体制,提出了工程应用中的关键技术,对具体的工程实现具有一定的指导意义。     

采用线性光电隔离放大技术实现模拟信号调理的过程

在车辆底盘系统检测过程中如何对恶劣电磁环境下的车载信号实现线性隔离放大,是工程师高度重视,急需解决的问题。针对现场传感器模拟输入量实现按比例放大的需求,研发人员深入探讨,比较分析了多个方案。基于对光耦特性的分析,确定了采用参数一致的非线性光耦器件,进行电路反馈补偿的设计方案。该方案简单实用,性价比高,线性度好,抗干扰能力强,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

降低亚轨道飞行器再入法向过载峰值的攻角设计方法

针对亚轨道飞行器再入中的大过载问题,提出一种通过保持法向过载动态平衡以大幅降低法向过载峰值的攻角设计方法。该方法基于再入飞行中过载演化特性,通过自主分段、预测反馈及迭代修正对再入攻角进行设计,使攻角变化率与法向过载的期望平衡值相适应,并可经过重复计算及收敛实现法向过载峰值最小化。仿真计算的结果表明,该方法能够大幅降低亚轨道飞行器再入中的法向过载,且按照该方法设计所获攻角策略可有效用于亚轨道飞行器再入任务规划、再入轨迹和制导律设计。
     

火星探测无人机任务规划与建模分析

利用无人机进行火星探测, 具有探测范围广、可看到地形变化等优点. 介绍了火星探测无人机总体任务规划的情况, 讨论了探测无人机在火星与地球上飞行的区别, 建立了火星探测无人机纵向非线性模型, 并在平衡点对非线性模型进行泰勒展开, 得到线性化模型. 通过对线性模型的进一步分析, 掌握了火星探测无人机的稳态性能及飞行特点.      

基于立体视觉的飞行器运动姿态测量技术及其应用

针对某飞行器地面试验测量需求,介绍了基于立体视觉的飞行器运动姿态测量技术的基本原理和系统组成,并对其测量结果进行了分析。试验结果表明,该系统能高度准确地实时测量弹体姿态角和位置,考核了弹上制导和导航准确度,为试验的顺利完成提供了测量保障。     

China's Deep-space Exploration to 2030

Focusing on the key scientific questions of deep space exploration which include the origin and evolution of the solar system and its planets, disastrous impact on the Earth by the solar activities and small bodies, extraterrestrial life, this paper put forward a propose about the roadmap and scientific objectives of China's Deep-space Exploration before 2030.