TeLESSⅡ低排放燃烧室预燃级设计对排放的影响

民用航空发动机需要满足国际民航组织（ICAO）发布的排放标准的要求,因此低排放燃烧室的研制是发动机成功研制的关键。TeLESSⅡ低排放燃烧室方案研究了在主燃级空气流动和燃油喷射模式不变情况下,成膜空气雾化和离心喷射空气雾化两类不同的预燃级空气流动和雾化组织模式在不同工况时对排放趋势变化的影响。结果表明小工况时不同预燃级的排放及燃烧效率变化趋势方向不同。大工况时两者的排放受燃油分级比影响变化趋势不同,而燃烧效率变化趋势是一致的。这说明预燃级和主燃级的组合设计改变了燃烧性能。      

A policy iteration method for improving robot assembly trajectory efficiency

Bolt assembly by robots is a vital and difficult task for replacing astronauts in extra-vehicular activities (EVA), but the trajectory efficiency still needs to be improved during the wrench insertion into hex hole of bolt. In this paper, a policy iteration method based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed, by which the problem of trajectory efficiency improvement is constructed as an issue of RL-based objective optimization. Firstly, the projection relation between raw data and state-action space is established, and then a policy iteration initialization method is designed based on the projection to provide the initialization policy for iteration. Policy iteration based on the protective policy is applied to continuously evaluating and optimizing the action-value function of all state-action pairs till the convergence is obtained. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, a noncontact demonstration experiment with human supervision is performed. Experimental results show that the initialization policy and the generated policy can be obtained by the policy iteration method in a limited number of demonstrations. A comparison between the experiments with two different assembly tolerances shows that the convergent generated policy possesses higher trajectory efficiency than the conservative one. In addition, this method can ensure safety during the training process and improve utilization efficiency of demonstration data.     

Numerical study on combustion efficiency of aluminum particles in solid rocket motor

The combustion of aluminum particles in solid rocket motor plays an important role in energy release of propellants. However, due to the limited residence time, aluminum particles may not be burned completely, thus hindering the improvement of specific impulse. This study aims to explore the characteristics of aluminum combustion efficiency and its influencing factors by experiments and numerical simulations, providing a guideline for engine performance improvement. As an input of simulation, the initial agglomerate size was measured by a high pressure system. Meanwhile, the size distribution of the particles in plume was measured by ground firing test to validate the numerical model. Then, a two-phase flow model coupling combustion of micro aluminum particle was developed, by which the detailed effects of particle size, detaching position and nozzle convergent section structure on aluminum combustion efficiency were explored. The results suggest that the average combustion temperature in the chamber drops with increasing initial particle size, while the maximum temperature increases slightly. In the tested motors, the aluminum particle burns completely as its diameter is smaller than 50 μm, and beyond 50 μm the combustion efficiency decreases obviously with the increase of initial size. As the diameter approaches to 75 μm, the combustion efficiency becomes more sensitive to particle size. The combustion efficiency of aluminum particle escaping from end-burning surfaces is significantly higher than that from internal burning surface, where the particle combustion efficiency decreases during approaching the convergent section. Furthermore, the combustion efficiency decreases slightly with increasing nozzle convergent section angle. And theoretically it is feasible to improve combustion efficiency of aluminum particles by designing the convergent profile of nozzle.     

航改型双环燃烧室燃烧反应特性试验

针对地面运输用燃气轮机低排放的要求，试验研究了一种双环预混旋流(TAPS)燃烧室在以0号柴油为燃料时的反应特性。结果表明:采用TAPS燃烧室由于空气分配方式的改变，总压恢复系数在0.97以上，高于经典单环燃烧室。由于柴油黏度和燃点的影响，使用柴油为燃料时最低常压点火油气比高于0.05，要比相同结构采用航空煤油为燃料时的点火油气比高，但慢车贫油熄火极限没有明显的变化，维持在0.006~0.008之间。采用压力雾化的预燃级存在燃料混合不均匀的问题，导致燃烧效率只能达到0.99，为要求值的下限，但燃烧室出口温度分布系数小于0.25，达到了所要求的性能指标。由于采用了预混预蒸发燃烧，污染物排放中NOx的干基体积分数为1.76×10-5，明显低于所要求的性能指标，但CO的干基体积分数较高达到了5.02×10-4。综合比较各项性能指标，该燃烧室在点火、贫油熄火、燃烧室出口温度分布和NOx排放上表现出了一定的优势，但燃烧效率低和CO排放高还是需要解决的问题。      

转子闭口槽在高效电机中的应用

高效电动机采用转子闭口槽工艺,可以减小转子齿槽产生的损耗,提高电机效率。通过闭口槽样机试制及样机试验数据,验证了转子闭口槽结构性能,得出该工艺可行,并提出相应的工艺措施。     

某型联翼布局无人机的气动计算与分析

与常规布局飞机相比,联翼布局飞机具有结构重量轻、抗弯扭强度大、诱导阻力低、升力系数大和稳定性好等优点。介绍一种高效的数值模拟方法,完成对某型联翼布局无人机气动特性的初步计算与分析。基于商业软件ANSYS,整个研究过程着重于从网格建模、全机流场模拟、气动模拟数据分析三个方面,探索该型无人机纵向、横向和航向的气动特性以及主操纵面的操纵效率,实现对该型无人机稳定性和操纵性能的表征与评估。结果表明:无人机升降舵偏角的变化不影响无人机的握杆静稳定度,并且在0°~25°的升降舵偏角(下偏)范围内,升降舵偏角与升降舵的升力系数基本呈线性变化;在-4°~12°的迎角范围内,随着迎角的不断增大,该型无人机的横向静稳定性水平越大;两个垂直翼和垂尾是产生航向静稳定性的主要部件。     

双级轴向旋流器性能评估方法（一）——综合旋流强度的影响

开展了双级轴向旋流燃烧室反应流场和燃烧性能的理论与数值研究。发展建立了一种多级旋流器性能评估方法，提出了综合旋流强度和能量利用率两个准则数来对旋流器性能进行评估，研究发现，旋流强度和流阻系数是影响旋流器能量利用率的主要因素。采用数值方法研究了双级旋流之间的相互作用机理，结果表明:双级旋流器之间，一级旋流强度对回流区宽度影响较大；综合旋流强度是影响燃烧室整体性能的直接因素；当综合旋流强度小于0.43时，为弱旋流；综合旋流强度介于0.43～0.6之间时，为中等旋流，有十分弱小的回流区；当综合旋流强度大于0.6时，呈强旋流，一定会有回流区出现；当综合旋流强度大于1.03时，为非常强的旋流；综合旋流强度一定时，双级旋流能够增加收益，能量利用较好。通过与实验及数值结果比较发现，该多级旋流器性能评估方法能够对旋流器性能进行准确评估，为未来多级旋流器的设计与性能评估提供了一种实用有效的方法。      

Prediction of electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance

To overcome the problems encountered in predicting the endurance of electricpowered fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),which were stemmed from the dynamic changes in electric power system efficiency and battery discharge characteristics under different operating conditions,the required battery power model and battery discharge model were studied.The required battery power model was determined using an approximate model of electric power system efficiency based on wind tunnel testing and the self-adaptive penalty function.Furthermore,current correction and ambient temperature correction terms were proposed for the trained Kriging model representing the discharge characteristics under standard operation,and then the discharged capacity-terminal voltage model was established.Through numerical integration of this model with the required battery power model,the electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance prediction model was obtained.Laboratory tests indicated that the proposed endurance model could precisely calculate the battery discharge time and accurately describe the battery discharge process.The similarity of the theoretical and flight test results reflected the accuracy of the proposed endurance model as well as the importance of considering dynamic changes in power system efficiency in endurance calculations.The proposed endurance model meeting precision requirements can be used in practical engineering applications.     

不同射流角下等离子体激励对平板气膜冷却影响的数值研究

采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对有/无等离子体激励条件下不同射流角时的平板气膜冷却流场进行了对比研究。结果表明:随着射流角的增大，冷却射流对主流的穿透率与气膜孔下游回流区的范围增大，发卡涡的强度及其抬升射流的能力增强并远离壁面，导致气膜冷却效率降低，但射流角为90°时部分低能冷却流体会进入回流区引起气膜冷却效率升高，故气膜冷却效率在射流角为35°时最大，在射流角为60°时最小；等离子体激励削弱了冷却射流对主流的穿透率，其下拉诱导作用也使得发卡涡头部受到的库塔 儒科夫斯基升力以及水平涡腿间的相互诱导力减小，抑制了发卡涡的发展并促使其破碎为近壁条带结构，从而提高了气膜冷却效率，且射流角越小，上述作用效果越明显，当射流角为35°时中心线气膜冷却效率提高了55%。