空间探索用梯度密度气凝胶的合成与应用进展

气凝胶是空间探索领域的关键功能材料.系统介绍了单一密度气凝胶和梯度密度气凝胶材料的分类、合成方法、复合工艺、特殊性能及其在空间探索领域的应用.其中,梯度密度气凝胶材料的合成是国际上的技术难点,笔者结合自身研究将其复合方式分为早期方法、分层粘贴法、逐层凝胶法和梯度溶胶共凝胶法,揭示了梯度气凝胶应遵循由单位深度的低差异到高...     

置氢TC4钛合金粉末烧结材料高温流变行为及组织演变

采用热压缩试验研究了置氢量0.42%(质量分数)TC4钛合金粉末烧结材料在温度850～1000℃和应变速率0.001～0.10 s-1范围内的流变行为和组织演变,分析了该合金烧结材料在试验参数范围内变形的应力-应变曲线特征.动力学分析获得置氢TC4钛合金粉末烧结材料高温压缩变形的应力指数和变形激活能分别为3.97和50...     

A multiple-rendezvous,sample-return mission to two near-Earth asteroids

We propose a dual-rendezvous mission, targeting near-Earth asteroids, including sample-return. The mission, Asteroid Sampling Mission (ASM), consists of two parts: (i) flyby and remote sensing of a Q-type asteroid, and (ii) sampling of a V-type asteroid. The targeted undifferentiated Q-type are found mainly in the near-Earth space, and to this date have not been the target of a space mission. We have chosen, for our sampling target, an asteroid from the basaltic class (V-type), as asteroids in this class exhibit spectral signatures that resemble those of the well-studied Howardite–Eucrite–Diogenite (HED) meteorite suite. With this mission, we expect to answer specific questions about the links between differentiated meteorites and asteroids, as well as gain further insight into the broader issues of early Solar System (SS) evolution and the formation of terrestrial planets. To achieve the mission, we designed a spacecraft with a dry mass of less than 3 tonnes that uses electric propulsion with a solar-electric power supply of 15 kW at 1 Astronomical Unit (AU). The mission includes a series of remote sensing instruments, envisages landing of the whole spacecraft on the sampling target, and employs an innovative sampling mechanism. Launch is foreseen to occur in 2018, as the designed timetable, and the mission would last about 10 years, bringing back a 150 g subsurface sample within a small re-entry capsule. This paper is a work presented at the 2008 Summer School Alpbach,“Sample return from the Moon, asteroids and comets” organized by the Aeronautics and Space Agency of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency. It is co-sponsored by ESA and the national space authorities of its Member and Co-operating States, with the support of the International Space Science Institute and Austrospace.     

月球着陆器软着陆动力学建模与分析综述

为解决着陆器研发过程中着陆稳定性、能量吸收和载荷缓冲等问题,需要开展大量的软着陆动力学仿真分析。文章研究分析了过去几十年中,腿式月球着陆器软着陆动力学仿真数学模型的发展过程及一些最新的建模方法。针对软着陆动力学仿真数学模型的3个方面：着陆器模型、月面模型和着陆腿足垫与月壤的接触模型,给出了各种建模方法之间的联系,并对着...     

用于深空探测任务的先进通信与导航体制

介绍了一套用于深空探测的先进通信与导航体制.在综述美国国家航空航天局相关研究进展、讨论这套体制中的关键特征技术的同时,文章利用飞行在地月平动点L3/L4/L5的晕轨道上的中继通信和跟踪卫星,建议了一种超长距离干涉测量(ELBI)技术.探讨了ELBI技术对先进通信与导航体制进行增强的可能性和应用潜力.     

月球探测技术--发展历程和特点

介绍了人类发射月球探测器进行的主要探月活动以及月球探测技术的发展和演变。分析了月球探测轨道设计与地球卫星的区别 ,给出了一些最基本的设计原则。最后 ,对探测器总体系统设计中的构型技术和各分系统的特点及其设计要求作了描述     

MEMORIS: a wide angle camera for the BepiColombo mission

MEMORIS (MErcury Moderate Resolution Imaging System) is a wide angle camera (WAC) concept for the ESA mission BepiColombo. The main scientific objectives consist of observing the whole surface of Mercury in the spectral range of 400–1000 nm, with a spatial resolution of 50 m per pixel at peri-Herm (400 km) and 190 m at apo-Herm (1500 km). It will obtain a map of Mercury in stereo mode allowing the determination of a digital elevation model with a panchromatic filter through two different channels. The camera will also perform multispectral imaging of the surface with a set of 8–12 different broad band filters. A third channel dedicated to limb observations will provide images of the atmosphere. MEMORIS will thus monitor the surface and the atmosphere during the entire mission, providing a unique opportunity to study the relationship between surface regions and the atmosphere, as suggested by ground-based observations and theory.     

月球采样机械臂系统设计及试验验证

在对月球采样返回任务需求及探测器系统任务剖面进行分析的基础上，设计并研制了一种轻量化、大负载、高精度、宽采样范围月球采样机械臂系统。该系统主要由4自由度机械臂及两种不同采样形式的末端采样器组成，可对不同指定区域浅层月壤进行铲、挖、浅钻等多形式采集。在综合考虑机械臂系统器上布局的基础上，基于运动学模型对采样机械臂的可达采样区域进行仿真分析，提出采样机械臂月面采样策略。基于等尺寸着陆器模拟平台，开展了针对3种不同密实度模拟月壤的采样试验，采样试验结果表明在可达采样空间内，采样机械臂对不同密实度月壤均具有较好的适应性，最大采样深度可达30 mm，最大单次采样量可达270 g，单次采样时间小于2 min。     

A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO GEOSPACE DOUBLE STAR PROGRAM

The Geospace Double Star Exploration Project (DSP) contains two small satel lites operating in the near-earth equatorial and polar regions respectively. The tasks of DSP are: (1) to provide high-resolution field, particle and wave mea surements in several important near-earth active regions which have not been covered by existing ISTP missions, such as the near-earth plasma sheet and its boundary layer, the ring current, the radiation belts, the dayside magnetopause boundary layer, and the polar region; (2) to investigate he trigger mechanisms of magnetic storms, magnetospheric substorms, and magnetospheric particle storms, as well as the responses of geospace storms to solar activities and in terplanetary disturbances; (3) to set up the models describing the spatial and temporal variations of the near-earth space environment.To complete the mission, there are eight instruments on board the equatorial satellite and the polar satellite, respectively. The orbit of the equatorial satellite is proposed with a perigee at 550km and an apogee at 60 000km, and the inclination is about 28.5°; while the orbit of the polar satellite with a perigee at 700 km and an apogee at 40 000 km, as well as an inclination about 90°. The equatorial and polar satellites are planed to be launched into orbits in June 2003 and December 2003 respectively to take coordinating measurements with Cluster Ⅱ and other missions.     

张爱玲的背弃

作为文学史上的一个异数，一直以来，张爱玲以一种与“五四”启蒙叙事以及四十年代救亡叙事截然对立的姿态独立于世。在她的笔下，文学从来没有被赋予鼓励人生，指导人生，改造人生的启蒙重任。尽管在四十年代的前几年，“五四”作家的启蒙意识已被浓缩为强烈的政治意识与战争意识，但张爱玲对这一切采取的依然是一种回避的态度。她的作品中，没有革命也没战争，有的只是世俗生活的琐碎与无奈，而苍凉美感的确立，无疑又是张爱玲对新文学理想主义与英雄主义审美基调的另一背弃。