载人登月人货分运与人货合运模式对比分析

由于载人航天任务所具有的确保航天员安全的特殊属性,载人登月任务模式往往因此必须考虑救生等多种环节和因素,变得十分复杂。针对目前载人登月人货分运及人货合运两种任务模式,通过比较分析表明,从安全性、任务风险、飞船设计约束、发射窗口、测控支持复杂度方面来看,人货合运模式要优于人货分运模式,但是人货合运模式中的重型火箭如果被要求按照载人火箭标准进行设计和考核,其研制周期、经费方面的投入将会增加。     

新一代载人月面着陆器发展趋势研究

月面着陆器是实现载人探月任务的重要组成部分,从任务规划和着陆器参数两个方面对早期美国阿波罗计划中的月面着陆器（ LM）、苏联N1-L3登月计划中的月面着陆器（ L3登月系统）以及最近美国星座计划中的月面着陆器（ Altair）的相关情况进行了分析,并从任务需求、月面环境和研究经费及基础设施方面对LM与Altair月面着陆器进行详细比较,通过比较分析总结出新一代载人月面着陆器将沿着提高乘员运送能力、扩大到达范围、延长航天员生活时间及功能模块化的方向发展,并提出研制新一代月面着陆器应着重解决着陆器推进、结构、着陆障碍检测及缓冲以及月尘防护等关键技术。     

Conceptual study and key technology development for Mars Aeroflyby sample collection

Conceptual study of Mars Aeroflyby Sample Collection (MASC) is conducted as a part of the next Mars exploration mission currently entertained in Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. In the mission scenario, an atmospheric entry vehicle is flown into the Martian atmosphere, collects the Martian dust particles as well as atmospheric gases during the guided hypersonic flight, exits the Martian atmosphere, and is inserted into a parking orbit from which a return system departs for the earth to deliver the dust and gas samples. In order to accomplish a controlled flight and a successful orbit insertion, aeroassist orbit transfer technologies are introduced into the guidance and control system. System analysis is conducted to assess the feasibility and to make a conceptual design, finding that the MASC system is feasible at the minimum system mass of 600 kg approximately. The aerogel, which is one of the candidates for the dust sample collector, is assessed by arcjet heating tests to examine its behavior when exposed to high-temperature gases, as well as by particle impingement tests to evaluate its dust capturing capability.     

页轮干式磨削Ti6Al4V合金

进行了Ti6A14V合金锆刚玉页轮和碳化硅页轮的磨削性能试验研究，分析了磨削用量对磨削力、磨削温度和磨削表面完整性的影响。磨削力通过KISTLER9265B测力仪测定，磨削表面温度由NIUSB-621X信号采集系统测得，磨削表面形貌和金相组织由HiroxKH-7700型体视显微仪和Quanta200型扫描电镜（SEM）观察，表面粗糙度由Mahr Perthometer M1粗糙度仪测得，表层显微硬度通过HVS—1000硬度计测定。研究结果表明：页轮磨削钛合金工件表面没有发生烧伤现象，磨削热影响区厚度小于50μm，锆刚玉页轮比碳化硅页轮更适合干式磨削钛合金。     

基于均匀化方法的轴编C/C复合材料性能预测

把均匀化理论与有限元法相结合,应用于轴棒法多维编织C/C复合材料的性能预测,通过对该材料有效模量的计算和实验验证,表明本方法可以得到较准确的材料刚度性能,为该材料的设计提供了性能预测方法.     

月面高温下推力器可靠性试验

嫦娥五号着陆上升组合体落月后将经历月昼强红外辐射环境，由于推力器喷管导热影响，使推进剂管路与电磁阀面临高温环境，推进系统存在管路内氧化剂汽化和推力器性能下降甚至无法正常工作的问题，影响上升器月面起飞正常姿态控制。为了研究高温下推力器的工作性能，进行了高温下氟塑料阀芯与氧化剂相容性调研，提出了电磁阀和推力器可靠性增长及可靠性验证试验方法，分析了温度与电磁阀阀芯行程的关系，获取了高温环境下推力器的稳态及脉冲工作性能，在小子样条件下评估了推力器可靠性置信下限及月面起飞上升推进系统可靠度，通过月面高温排气及月面起飞上升姿态控制对研究结果进行了航天器在轨飞行验证，圆满完成了上升器月面起飞上升任务。所提出的研究方法及思路具有很好的工程适用性。     

A systematic approach to nonlinear rotorcraft model identification

The development of a powerful parameter estimation routine and its integration into the simulation environment HOST is described. With this tool approaches are being made towards new strategies of mathematical modeling, aimed at providing highly accurate and nevertheless run-time efficient simulation models. The identification routine is capable of optimizing parameterized models in both dynamic time domain simulation and static (e.g. trim state variation) conditions. Examples of both cases are presented to emphasize the improvement in the system response prediction and to demonstrate the abilities of the identification techniques in combination with the nonlinear simulation platform. This article reviews the activities and achievements accomplished by the DLR Institute of Flight Research and the ONERA Systems Control and Flight Dynamics Department during the last few years in the research on rotorcraft flight dynamics modeling and model identification. Future activities that require extensive high fidelity modeling are in the scope of the current and coming modeling activities that include the use of the presented methods and software technologies.     

The Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (GIADA) Experiment for the Rosetta Mission: Design, Performances and First Results

The Grain Impact Analyser and Dust Accumulator (GIADA) onboard the ROSETTA mission to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko is devoted to study the cometary dust environment. Thanks to the rendezvous configuration of the mission, GIADA will be plunged in the dust environment of the coma and will be able to explore dust flux evolution and grain dynamic properties with position and time. This will represent a unique opportunity to perform measurements on key parameters that no ground-based observation or fly-by mission is able to obtain and that no tail or coma model elaborated so far has been able to properly simulate. The coma and nucleus properties shall be, then, clarified with consequent improvement of models describing inner and outer coma evolution, but also of models about nucleus emission during different phases of its evolution. GIADA shall be capable to measure mass/size of single particles larger than about 15 μm together with momentum in the range 6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ ÷ 4.0 × 10⁻⁴ kg m s⁻¹ for velocities up to about 300 m s⁻¹. For micron/submicron particles the cumulative mass shall be detected with sensitivity 10⁻¹⁰ g. These performances are suitable to provide a statistically relevant set of data about dust physical and dynamic properties in the dust environment expected for the target comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Pre-flight measurements and post-launch checkouts demonstrate that GIADA is behaving as expected according to the design specifications. The International GIADA Consortium (I, E, UK, F, D, USA).     

MAP-CA在视频压缩中的应用

信息时代的重要特征是信息的数字化,但数字化的视频数据量是非常巨大的。为了使数字化的视频信号更有效地传输,对其进行压缩势在必行。应用MAP-CA这个DSP芯片可以对视频图像进行MPEG-4标准的压缩,压缩比可以达到1000:1。在公用电话线上就可以连续传输视频,并能保持图像的质量,最高图像清晰度为768×576,可以达到接近DVD的画面效果。