低纬Pc3地磁脉动的多台观测

利用长春、北京、兰州三个低纬地区台站的地磁脉动观测资料,对低纬地区(1.21≤L≤1.43)Pc3脉动的频谱特性和偏振特性做了对比分析,并对低纬Pc3脉动的激发机制和传播过程进行了讨论。      

激光─多普勒弹射冲击加速度校准方法

介绍了采用激光─多普勒偏振于涉系统绝对复现大位移、宽脉冲的冲击加速度量值的方法,说明了干涉系统的构成及原理。这种方法适合于长距离干涉测量和动态干涉测量。     

仿生导航技术综述

仿生导航技术是一种模仿动物导航机理的新型导航技术,涉及认知科学、机器学习、计算机视觉和信息融合等多个学科。仿生导航因具有自主性好、自适应性强等特点,近年来成为了导航领域的研究热点之一。首先阐述了仿生导航的内涵,然后从仿生导航传感器技术和仿生导航方法两个方面简要介绍了国内外研究现状和发展趋势。其中,仿生导航传感器技术包括了仿生光罗盘、仿生磁罗盘、仿生复眼等内容;仿生导航方法主要涉及导航经验知识的表达与机器学习、仿生多源异质导航信息融合、面向任务的仿生路径规划与导航等。最后,对仿生导航技术进行了总结,并对未来发展进行了展望。     

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Overview: The Instrument Suite and Mission

NASA’s Lunar Precursor Robotic Program (LPRP), formulated in response to the President’s Vision for Space Exploration, will execute a series of robotic missions that will pave the way for eventual permanent human presence on the Moon. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is first in this series of LPRP missions, and plans to launch in October of 2008 for at least one year of operation. LRO will employ six individual instruments to produce accurate maps and high-resolution images of future landing sites, to assess potential lunar resources, and to characterize the radiation environment. LRO will also test the feasibility of one advanced technology demonstration package. The LRO payload includes: Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) which will determine the global topography of the lunar surface at high resolution, measure landing site slopes, surface roughness, and search for possible polar surface ice in shadowed regions, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) which will acquire targeted narrow angle images of the lunar surface capable of resolving meter-scale features to support landing site selection, as well as wide-angle images to characterize polar illumination conditions and to identify potential resources, Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) which will map the flux of neutrons from the lunar surface to search for evidence of water ice, and will provide space radiation environment measurements that may be useful for future human exploration, Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) which will chart the temperature of the entire lunar surface at approximately 300 meter horizontal resolution to identify cold-traps and potential ice deposits, Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) which will map the entire lunar surface in the far ultraviolet. LAMP will search for surface ice and frost in the polar regions and provide images of permanently shadowed regions illuminated only by starlight. Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER), which will investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays on tissue-equivalent plastics as a constraint on models of biological response to background space radiation. The technology demonstration is an advanced radar (mini-RF) that will demonstrate X- and S-band radar imaging and interferometry using light weight synthetic aperture radar. This paper will give an introduction to each of these instruments and an overview of their objectives.     

基于像素化偏振芯片的仿生偏振光罗盘技术

仿生光罗盘是一种通过借鉴动物视觉器官感知太阳偏振光信息(包括月光)的机理来获得载体航向信息的航向传感器。首先介绍了面向多光谱的像素化的偏振芯片结构参数化设计准则,给出了一种易于集成和小型化的仿生光罗盘总体设计方案,并对仿生光罗盘的主要误差源进行了分析;随后,提出了一种基于天空偏振图像解算载体航向的新方法,并对其环境适应性进行了初步分析;最后,对仿生光罗盘样机进行了静态实验和车载实验,在晴朗天空背景下仿生光罗盘的定向精度优于0.5°。     

Lunar ground penetrating radar: Minimizing potential data artifacts caused by signal interaction with a rover body

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is the leading geophysical candidate technology for future lunar missions aimed at mapping shallow stratigraphy (<5 m). The instrument’s exploration depth and resolution capabilities in lunar materials, as well as its small size and lightweight components, make it a very attractive option from both a scientific and engineering perspective. However, the interaction between a GPR signal and the rover body is poorly understood and must be investigated prior to a space mission. In doing so, engineering and survey design strategies should be developed to enhance GPR performance in the context of the scientific question being asked. This paper explores the effects of a rover (simulated with a vertical metal plate) on GPR results for a range of heights above the surface and antenna configurations at two sites: (i) a standard GPR testing site with targets of known position, size, and material properties, and; (ii) a frozen lake for surface reflectivity experiments. Our results demonstrate that the GPR antenna configuration is a key variable dictating instrument design, with the XX polarization considered optimal for minimizing data artifact generation. These findings could thus be used to help guide design requirements for an eventual flight instrument.     

An improved land cover classification using polarization signatures for PALSAR 2 data

Land cover classification in mixed land cover scenarios is challenging with PolSAR data. Polarimetric decomposition techniques are most popular methods for PolSAR data classification in recent times. These techniques focus on identification of dominant scattering phenomena and hence result in sub-optimal classification in mixed land cover scenarios. Alternatively, polarization signatures (PSs) are good illustrations of SAR target responses as they depict a detailed physical information from target backscatter. Researchers have successfully utilized SAR PSs for land cover (LC) classification. Some reports suggested utilizing correlation between observed PSs and standard target PSs as features for LC classification. This paper presents a study on improved utilization of PSs for optimal LC classification in mixed class scenarios. First, PS based SAR features are derived using fully polarimetric SAR data. The features represent a degree of similarity between observed and standard PSs. The derived features are termed as polarization signatures correlation features or PSCFs. The novel PSCFs are analyzed, evaluated and compared with decomposition based features for the purpose of LC classification. Classification performance indicators highlight potential of PSCFs for mixed LC classification problems. Therefore, further an adaptive and optimal LC class boundary estimation approach for LC classification is proposed and developed. Observed PSs and reference LC class PS statistics are used to build empirical models between classification performance indicators and LC class boundaries. The empirical models are optimized using the evolutionary genetic algorithm to maximize classification performance. A decision tree is constructed based on the optimal class boundaries to prepare LC classification. The proposed classification approach is compared with some recent popular classifiers and comparison suggests that the proposed approach provides satisfactory results for mixed LC classification scenarios.     

The INTEGRAL view of Gamma-Ray Bursts

After more than six and half years in orbit, the ESA space observatory INTEGRAL has provided new, exciting results in the soft gamma-ray energy range (from a few keV to a few MeV). With the discovery of about 700 hard X-Ray sources, it has changed our previous view of a sky composed of peculiar and “monster” sources. The new high energy sky is in fact full of a large variety of normal, very energetic emitters, characterized by new accretion and acceleration processes (see also IBIS cat4 (Bird et al., 2010). At the same time, about one GRB/month is detected and imaged by the two main gamma-ray instruments on board: IBIS and SPI. In this paper, we review the major achievements of the INTEGRAL observatory in the field of Gamma-Ray Bursts. We summarize the global properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts detected by INTEGRAL, with respect to their duration, spectral index, and peak flux distributions. We recall INTEGRAL results on the spectral lag analysis, showing how long-lag GRBs appear to form a separate population at low peak fluxes. We review the outcome of polarisation studies performed by using INTEGRAL data. Finally, concerning single GRB studies, we highlight the properties of particularly interesting Gamma-Ray Bursts in the INTEGRAL sample.     

大气偏振光导航技术

为克服现有导航技术在战场应用中存在的不足,借鉴生物光学导航机理,开发新的导航方式,是未来导航技术研究的一个重要发展趋势。本文对自然界中的昆虫光学导航机理进行了介绍和分析,并对大气偏振光导航的发展趋势进行了探讨,提出了大气振光导航技术发展过程中需要解决的关键问题。     

基于虚拟目标的大气层内拦截弹中制导律研究

导引头侧窗探测技术的采用和大气层内气动力的存在要求针对该空域内目标的拦截弹于中制导末端,在零攻角的情况下将目标收入侧窗视场内,并针对目标的预测脱靶量为0,以满足中末制导交班和末制导弹道平直性的要求.基于此,本文从中制导末端的视场角约束和预测脱靶量为0出发,分析拦截弹中制导末端应达到的理想位置和运动状态,并据此设置虚拟目标和终端约束,运用最优控制原理设计针对虚拟目标的优化导引律.Matlab仿真结果验证了该方法能有效地保证交班条件和脱靶量要求的满足.