再入飞行器结构强度可靠性设计,检验和评定方法研究

给出再入飞行器结构强度可靠性设计、检验和评定的一种设计方法。包括按照可靠性设计思想采用数理统计理论来降低安全系数、引入合格系数和给出结构强度可靠性定量评定的方法。     

深空探测采样返回起旋分离动力学仿真分析研究

针对深空探测采样返回高精度起旋分离,实现返回器再入大气姿态稳定的需求。在自主研发的被动式起旋分离机构的基础上,以多刚体系统动力学理论为基础,建立返回器起旋分离ADAMS动力学仿真分析模型,开展起旋分离过程综合敏度分析、敏感参数偏差耦合分析以及覆盖性分析研究,以此评估多参数偏差对返回器初始分离姿态的影响。分析结果表明：动力回转轴偏差和返回器横向质心偏差对返回器起旋分离姿态影响最为明显;合理配置动力回转轴及返回器横向质心位置有助于改善初始分离姿态;经多参数偏差覆盖性分析,验证了起旋分离各项指标的符合性。为深空探测采样再入返回高精度、高可靠分离技术的工程实施提供理论指导。     

Reentry trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicle satisfying complex constraints

The reentry trajectory optimization for hypersonic vehicle（HV）is a current problem of great interest.Some complex constraints,such as waypoints for reconnaissance and no-fly zones for threat avoidance,are inevitably involved in a global strike mission.Of the many direct methods,Gauss pseudospectral method（GPM）has been demonstrated as an effective tool to solve the trajectory optimization problem with typical constraints.However,a series of diffculties arises for complex constraints,such as the uncertainty of passage time for waypoints and the inaccuracy of approximate trajectory near no-fly zones.The research herein proposes a multi-phase technique based on the GPM to generate an optimal reentry trajectory for HV satisfying waypoint and nofly zone constraints.Three kinds of specifc breaks are introduced to divide the full trajectory into multiple phases.The continuity conditions are presented to ensure a smooth connection between each pair of phases.Numerical examples for reentry trajectory optimization in free-space flight and with complex constraints are used to demonstrate the proposed technique.Simulation results show the feasible application of multi-phase technique in reentry trajectory optimization with waypoint and no-fly zone constraints.     

基于在线轨迹规划的混合再入制导方法(英文)

针对在线轨迹规划与跟踪,提出了一种混合再入制导方法。该方法将基于航路点的分段轨迹规划与轨迹跟踪制导有效地结合起来。首先给出再入飞行器无量纲运动方程,建立制导坐标系(GCF),并推导了新坐标系下的经纬度表达式。并将再入飞行过程中各种飞行约束条件转换为控制变量约束。为了加快轨迹优化速度,设计了初始再入飞行轨迹和相关航路点,给出了基于航路点信息的分段轨迹在线规划方法。纵向飞行轨迹跟踪采用基于线性二次型调节器(LQR)的方法,横侧向制导采用横向误差走廊的方法进行控制。仿真结果显示,该方法在线轨迹规划平均计算时间小于0.2秒,且具有较高的制导精度。     

基于Gauss伪谱法的高超声速飞行器多约束三维再入轨迹优化

高超声速飞行器再入飞行过程中,需要满足多种过程约束和终端状态约束,同时再入初始状态根据飞行任务不同会有较大变化,针对其特点的快速轨迹优化问题已成为当今热点。本文研究了一种基于"初值轨迹生成+Gauss伪谱法+SQP求解NLP"的方法,既利用了Gauss伪谱法收敛快、精度高的特点,又结合初值轨迹生成算法,弥补了Gauss伪谱法对初值敏感的不足。本文在仿真过程中选取再入总吸热量最小为性能指标,求解了满足多种约束的再入轨迹,并将优化的结果与数值积分的结果进行比较,验证了此算法有效性和可行性。     

地磁扰动期间低轨目标轨道预报的误差修正

针对地磁扰动期间大气密度变化造成的低轨目标较大的轨道预报误差,提出一种根据POES卫星观测的极光能量注入数据改进短期轨道预报的方法。分析表明CHAMP卫星的沿迹大气密度及轨道衰减与极光能量注入具有较好的相关性。通过线性回归方法,建立轨道半长轴衰减及阻力调制系数的修正公式,并使用修正后的阻力调制系数取代两行元(TLE)中的该系数带入SGP4模型进行位置预报。该方案考虑了外推过程中地磁扰动引起的大气密度响应,能更准确地反映外推过程中大气阻力对轨道的影响。将其应用到2008年CHAMP卫星和国际空间站的轨道预报中,结果表明,半长轴和位置的预报误差可分别降低50%和30%左右。进一步对不同年份、不同轨道高度的目标进行了预报误差修正的分析,验证了该方法的普适性。     

基于变质心控制的再入飞行器机动能力分析

变质心控制作为一种新颖的控制方式,可克服传统再入飞行器气动舵等控制方案存在的舵面烧灼等弊端,它通过主动移动飞行器内部若干个质量块,可以有效调整飞行器的姿态并实现飞行器的姿态和机动控制.本文在推导变质心再入飞行器动力学方程的基础上,对该动力学方程进行了必要的简化,从而得到了变质心再入飞行器纵平面内的动力学和运动学方程,并计算得到质量块不同行程下飞行器可产生的法向过载大小.本文的研究对于变质心再入飞行器控制系统的设计提供了必要的理论参考依据.     

临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置研究

本文针对临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准需求,介绍了临近空间大气压力传感器现场校准装置工作原理, 进行理论分析与仿真,提出需突破的关键技术,给出了不确定度预估。     

Storm-time atmospheric density modeling using neural networks and its application in orbit propagation

Upper atmospheric densities during geomagnetic storms are usually poorly estimated due to a lack of clear understanding of coupling mechanisms between the thermosphere and magnetosphere. Consequently, the orbit determination and propagation for low-Earth-orbit objects during geomagnetic storms have large uncertainties. Artificial neural networks are often used to identify nonlinear systems in the absence of rigorous theory. In the present study, an attempt has been made to model the storm-time atmospheric density using neural networks. Considering the debate over the representative of geomagnetic storm effect, i.e. the geomagnetic indices ap and Dst, three neural network models (NNM) are developed with ap, Dst and a combination of ap and Dst respectively. The density data used for training the NNMs are derived from the measurements of the satellites CHAMP and GRACE. The NNMs are evaluated by looking at: (a) the mean residuals and the standard deviations with respect to the density data that are not used in training process, and (b) the accuracy of reconstructing the orbits of selected objects during storms employing each model. This empirical modeling technique and the comparisons with the models NRLMSIS-00 and Jacchia-Bowman 2008 reveal (1) the capability of neural networks to model the relationship between solar and geomagnetic activities, and density variations; and (2) the merits and demerits of ap and Dst when it comes to characterizing density variations during storms.     

可重复使用运载器再入数学建模

针对可重复使用运载器(RLV)方案论证和初步设计阶段对模型的需求,提出了一种RLV再入概念设计,进行了数学建模研究。RLV采用翼身组合体的气动布局,包括左右升降副翼、方向舵和机体襟翼。对其无动力再入返回姿态控制,建立了反作用控制系统/气动舵复合控制数学模型。再入过程要经历自由分子流区、稀薄大气过渡流区和连续流区,基于气动力的工程计算方法建立了这三个流区的RLV气动模型。控制特性分析与六自由度再入仿真表明,所设计的RLV控制模型具有与航天飞机轨道器一致的再入飞行特性,证明了数学建模的有效性,能够进一步用于RLV姿态控制的研究。