面向深空探测的电磁帆推进技术研究进展

电磁帆是一类利用太阳风驱动的无工质或少工质新型推进技术,在需要推力器长时间工作的深空探测任务中具有非常广阔的应用前景。首先介绍了电磁帆的基本概念和主要分类,其次分别介绍了电帆、纯磁帆和磁等离子体帆三类推进方式的系统组成和工作原理,重点介绍了各自的研究现状,并梳理出了相关关键技术,同时介绍了等离子体磁罩技术。最后对电磁帆推进技术研究进展进行了总结,为国内开展此方面研究提供了研究方向和发展思路。     

Plasma polarization electric field derived from radio sounding of solar wind acceleration region with spacecraft signals

Presented is the analytical approximation of averaged solar wind velocity radial dependence in the solar wind acceleration region at heliolatitudes below 60° under low and moderate solar activity. This empirical approximation is based on the data of radio sounding of the solar corona with radio signals from various spacecraft. Deduced is an equation connecting the solar wind velocity radial dependence and the radial dependence of solar wind plasma polarization electric field intensity. This allows constructing a semi-empirical radial dependence of plasma polarization electric field corresponding to the empirical radial dependence of solar wind velocity. Main properties of the semi-empirical dependence, which is based on radio sounding data, are described.     

全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率研究

研究绳系结构和绳索预紧力对全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率的影响。首先，基于绳索并联机构理论，对双索悬挂系统进行静力学建模，引入加权矩阵，推导了双索悬挂系统静刚度模型；其次，建立双索悬挂系统无阻尼振荡方程，分析双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率变化规律；进而，搭建了双索悬挂系统地面样机，开展系统模态频率测试试验，研究系统刚体模态频率的影响因素及其变化规律；最后，参考试验结果修正所建数学模型。结果表明，随着绳索预紧力的增加，系统刚体模态频率呈上升趋势，但各阶刚体模态的固有频率上升速率不同，平动模态的固有频率受绳索预紧力影响比转动模态小得多；在转动模态方面，滚转模态的固有频率最大且上升快；在平动模态方面，升沉模态的固有频率大于横侧滑模态的固有频率；双索经过的机身前后滑轮与飞机模型质心之间的相对位置变化会不同程度地影响支撑系统俯仰模态、偏航模态的固有频率，但几乎不影响其滚转模态的固有频率。研究发现，通过控制悬挂绳索预紧力的大小，合理设计机身上的滑轮安装位置，能够有效降低双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率。研究结果对于优化设计全模颤振双索悬挂系统具有指导意义。     

某飞行器推力矢量试验测力装置研制

为满足某飞行器推力矢量试验的测试要求,采用两台六分量应变天平和一个空气桥组成测力装置来实现飞机全机气动力和喷管推进特性同时分别测量。基于有限元软件,对天平的应变及空气桥对天平的干扰进行了分析。结果表明:空气桥对天平力分量的干扰值优于5%,对力矩(滚转力矩除外)分量的干扰值优于15%,达到了设计指标。通过校准获得了单独天平、天平带空气桥(充压、不充压)状态下的校准公式,校准结果表明:两台天平各分量的综合加载误差均优于0.3%,天平带空气桥(充压、不充压)状态下各分量的综合加载误差优于0.5%,空气桥对天平的干扰量值与有限元分析结果一致。理论分析与实测结果证明:研制的天平及空气桥达到了预定目标,它的测量精准度高,满足推力矢量风洞试验需求。     

TEC differences for the mid-latitude ionosphere in both sides of the longitudes with zero declination

Based on measurements of ground-based GPS station network, differences of the mid-latitude ionospheric TEC in the east and west sides of North America, South America and Oceania have been analyzed in this paper. Results show that for nearly all seasons from 2001 to 2010 and in both sides of the longitudes with zero declination, there exist systematic differences for the mid-latitude ionospheric TEC in the regions mentioned above and the features of these differences markedly depend upon the local time but less depend upon seasons and the level of solar activity. Theory analysis shows that the longitude variations of both declination and zonal thermospheric winds are one of important factors to cause differences of the mid-latitude ionospheric TEC in both sides of the longitudes with zero declination.     

大型客机低速构型高雷诺数风洞腹撑支架干扰数值模拟

风洞到飞行相关性修正是获取现代大型客机低速气动特性的重要手段，通常采用增压提高风洞试验雷诺数，而支架干扰修正是该修正体系的一个关键环节。采用数值模拟研究了增压风洞腹撑的支架干扰，并分析了腹撑对飞机各部件的干扰及其对风洞流场的影响。通过数值模拟与风洞试验对比，表明升力系数相差0.006，阻力系数最大相差0.001 2，俯仰力矩系数最大相差0.01，验证了CFD数值模拟方法的可靠性。CFD计算结果表明：腹撑使得全机升力增加、阻力减小，俯仰力矩增加；腹撑对升力影响的主要部件是机翼，腹撑使得风洞中心以上动压增加，提升上翼面流速，从而增加了机翼的升力；与传统认识不同的是腹撑对阻力影响为负，且主要影响部件为缝翼，原因为缝翼下偏使得法矢分量向前从而减小了阻力；腹撑对俯仰力矩影响的主要部件是机身及平尾。研究结果揭示了腹撑对飞机气动特性影响的量级、主要影响部件及其流场变化，可为支架干扰数据修正及支架优化设计提供参考。所得结论可更好用于支架干扰试验的开展及风洞到飞行数据的修正，具有一定的工程实用性。     

Statistical characteristics of low latitude Pc4s: Influence of solar wind and IMF parameters

Pc4 signatures for the year 2013, extracted from geomagnetic north–south and east–west components of induction coil magnetometer (LEMI 30) from low latitude station Desalpar (DSP), operated by Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), India have been investigated vis-à-vis the prevalent interplanetary parameters (IMF) as well as the geomagnetic activity indices. A clear dominance of Pc4-5 (467 events) over Pc3 (17 events) is observed. Local time variation of Pc4 shows a peak in the noon sector in both X and Y components. Our investigations show that the dominant peak frequency is 10 mHz at low latitude region. Correlations with solar wind and IMF parameters illustrate highest occurrence of Pc4 for a solar wind speed of 300–400 km/s and average IMF B field of 3–6 nT. The amplitude of Pc4s at DSP shows an increase with increasing solar wind speed, plasma density, solar wind dynamic pressure and average B field which is also reflected in the trend of frequency variation of these pulsations. We report that IMF clock angle at low latitude does not have influence on Pc4 occurrence. Based on the characteristics of these events, detected in latitudinally distributed stations from low and mid-latitudes from northern and southern hemisphere, we infer that modes were compressional, which could be driven by K-H instability or solar wind dynamic pressure, as compressional modes can propagate to low latitude with little attenuation.     

高超声速风洞流场非均匀性对气动力试验影响研究

高超声速风洞流场品质是气动力试验主要误差的决定因素,常规高超声速风洞流场均匀性虽然满足国军标GJB4399-2002《高超声速风洞气动力试验方法》对风洞流场品质的要求,但其风洞流场严格意义上说是“非均匀”的,这种流场非均匀性会对模型气动力特性存在不同程度的影响。为此,在CARDC常规高超声速风洞中开展了某升力体模型和某通气模型“多位置试验”,验证了风洞流场的非均匀性对飞行器气动力(特别是力矩特性)试验结果有显著影响,这种影响量已远超过常规的风洞重复性试验误差,甚至大于国内现有的在AIAA-S071A-1999标准上建立的不确定度评估方法所获取的“不确定度”。     

关于改造航空风洞为汽车试验风洞的技术探讨

在介绍汽车风洞性能的基础上,对改造航空风洞为汽车试验风洞的主要技术要点进行了分析探讨,并介绍了FD-09低速航空风洞改造情况及其功用。建造地面板和附面层吸除装置,证明该方案是很成功的。