不同孔型对高超声速逆喷流气膜冷却影响

主要对不同孔型在不同质量流量下对高超声速逆喷流气膜冷却影响规律开展研究,得到不同孔型对气膜冷却效果的影响规律。采用CFD计算方法,对飞行高度为50 km,飞行马赫数为15条件下圆柱孔、收缩孔、扩张孔、收缩-扩张孔4种孔型开展研究。研究显示:小流量供气时,收缩孔和圆柱孔会出现长穿透模态(LPM)工作状态,扩张孔和收缩-扩张孔则不会出现;随着喷流流量的增大,喷流会从LPM转向短穿透模态(SPM),此时继续增大气膜喷流流量,并不会显著增大冷却收益。综合整个流域的变化,扩张孔在高超声速飞行器头部逆流喷流气膜冷却中是比较稳定可靠的气膜冷却孔。     

利用上游沙丘形斜坡增强气膜冷却

在平板上开设单排气膜孔,并通过红外测温法,实验研究了四个典型吹风比(0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0)下圆柱形气膜孔(CH)安置上游沙丘形斜坡(SDR)的绝热气膜冷却效率,并与平直楔形斜坡(SWR)进行了对比,同时结合数值模拟对不同形状的上游斜坡作用机制进行了剖析。研究结果表明：相比SWR,SDR可以诱导出特有的反肾形涡对,因而其在强化气膜冷却方面更具优势。在小吹风比下(吹风比为0.5),SWR和SDR可以分别提高特定区域(孔下游15倍孔径范围内)的面积平均气膜冷却效率达26%和75%左右,在高吹风比下(吹风比为1.5),两者的相对提高幅度分别高达100%和150%左右。     

航天器用薄膜温度传感器的研制及性能研究

飞行器以高超声速飞行时瞬间温升可达1 600℃以上,为了保证飞行器的可靠和运行安全,准确实时测量热防护系统表面温度显得尤为重要。针对高温环境实时测温的技术难题,结合磁控溅射技术和陶瓷烧结技术,提出了一种引线和传感器基底一体化的微小型高温薄膜温度传感器结构。采用高温检定炉对传感器陶瓷基底的高温绝缘性进行了测试,并使用多种微观形貌表征方法对传感器主要结构材料进行筛选,得到薄膜温度传感器制备所需的最佳材料组合。进行了薄膜温度传感器静态标定和综合性能高温考核试验,结果表明,所研制传感器灵敏度、重复性的变化与标准热电偶基本保持一致,在实际环境温度低于1 500℃时,传感器测量误差不超过4‰,可在1 200℃高温环境中连续准确测温6 h以上,且测温上限高达1 800℃,验证了该传感器在高温环境中进行测温的可行性和实用性,为航天器表面温度测量和热防护系统优化提供科学依据。     

源项不准确加载对源项法模型仿真精度的影响

针对平板多孔气膜冷却结构开展了真实模型和源项法模型数值仿真,在同实验数据对比取得较高精度的基础上探究了源项不准确加载对源项法模型仿真精度的影响,分析了加载方式、流量系数、网格参数等影响因素。结果表明:源项法模型可以代替建立带气膜孔真实模型对气膜冷却结构进行数值计算。网格准确定位的源项加载方式在粗细网格条件下均能取得较高的精度,点源项加载方式对网格较为敏感。因流量系数公式不准确导致的流量计算误差会影响源项法模型的计算精度,低吹风比下影响更为显著。气膜孔进出口处网格面密度应不少于4个/mm2,第一层网格高度的选取应符合所选用的湍流模型,以保证较高的计算精度。     

超声速发动机温度测量技术发展现状

火焰温度及温度场分布的测量是航空航天超声速发动机测量技术的重要环节。由于超声速发动机内部温度过高、工况复杂恶劣,应用于亚声速发动机的接触测量技术已难以达到测量要求。针对超声速发动机温度测量传感器的设计方式、试验、温度、测量误差等核心问题,本文综述了现阶段超声速发动机接触式温度测量的方法,重点介绍了辐射与红外测量、可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）、相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射（CARS）及温度敏感涂料（TSP）等非接触温度测量技术在超声速发动机应用的研究进展和发展趋势,对后续的超声速发动机温度测量技术研究工作具有一定的借鉴作用。     

Experiments on film cooling with sonic injection into a supersonic flow

Film cooling experiments with sonic injection were conducted to investigate the effects of the number of the injection holes, the mass flow ratio, and the hole spacing on the film cooling effectiveness. The mainstream was obtained by the hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the experimental section at a Mach number of 2.0. The nitrogen with ambient temperature was injected into the experimental section at a sonic speed. The measured mainstream recovery temperature was approximately 910K. The mass flow ratio was regulated by varying the nitrogen injection pressure. The experimental results show that for the investigated cooling surface, the cooling effectiveness increases with the increase in the number of the injection holes with other parameters held constant. For a fixed cooling configuration, the cooling effectiveness increases with the increase in the mass flow ratio. Different from the subsonic film cooling, the optimal mass flow ratio is not observed. When the hole spacing is less than 4, no obvious difference is observed on the cooling effectiveness and lateral uniformity. With the mass flow ratio increasing further, this difference becomes much smaller. The shock wave also has an effect on the cooling effectiveness. Downstream the incident point of the shock wave, the cooling effectiveness is lower than that in the case without the shock wave.     

碳纳米管膜层间增韧对碳纤维复合材料力学性能的影响

分别采用两种碳纳米管膜进行层间增韧,应用热压罐工艺成型了碳纳米管膜/碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料,研究了碳纳米管膜的成型工艺、取向、面密度对复合材料力学性能和层间韧性的影响。结果表明:CNT膜平行于碳纤维铺放时复合材料的压缩强度、90°弯曲强度和层剪强度均高于CNT膜垂直于碳纤维铺放时的复合材料性能。面密度较小的CNT膜对复合材料的增韧效果较好。喷涂法成型的碳纳米管膜层间改性的复合材料层间断裂韧性明显优于拉膜法碳纳米管膜层间改性的。CNT无规膜的面密度为0.75 g/m2时,复合材料的GIC和GIIC最优,相比改性前分别提高了21%和42%。     

三维机翼结冰模拟

针对机翼结冰问题,利用欧拉法求解空气水滴两相流流场,通过Fluent软件用户自定义函数功能编程求解三维机翼表面水滴局部收集系数以及结冰情况.在计算中.将水溢流方向沿机翼弦向和展向分解,以此对Messinger结冰热力学模型进行改进,使之更符合三维情况,并在此基础上进行三维传质传热分析;修正传统的二维表面对流换热系数求解...     

Numerical investigation of transcritical liquid film cooling in a methane / oxygen rocket engine

Transcritical film cooling was investigated by numerical study in a methane cooled methane/oxygen rocket engine.The respective time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved for the compressible steady three-dimensional(3-D) flow.The flow field computations were performed using the semi-implicit method for pressure linked equation(SIMPLE) algorithm on several blocks of nonuniform collocated grid.The calculation was conducted over a pressure range of 202 650.0 Pa to 1.2×107 Pa and a temperature range of 120.0 K to 3 568.0 K.Twenty-nine different cases were simulated to calculate the impact of different factors.The results show that mass flow rate,length,diameter,number and diffused or convergence of film jet channel,injection angle and jet array arrangements have great impact on transcritical film cooling effectiveness.Furthermore,shape of the jet holes and jet and crossflow turbulence also affect the wall temperature distribution.Two rows of film arranged in different axial angles and staggered arrangement were proposed as new liquid film arrangement.Different radial angles have impact on the film cooling effectiveness in two row-jets cooled cases.The case of in-line and staggered arrangement are almost the same in the region before the second row of jets,but a staggered arrangement has a higher film cooling effectiveness from the second row of jets.     

液体姿控火箭发动机地面试验热结构分析

以液膜冷却结合辐射冷却的液体姿控火箭发动机为研究对象,采用一体化计算模型分析传热,同时应用有限元方法对给定温度条件的热结构进行了耦合分析,最后讨论了推力室在外压作用及温度载荷条件下结构的屈曲稳定性.计算结果与参考的试验结果接近,最高温度误差为3.67%,说明该一体化计算传热模型的有效性.考虑热载荷作用得到的屈曲载荷值较...