静电拉伸空间薄膜反射镜面形控制机理研究

薄膜反射镜将解决反射镜孔径与重量相互制约的问题. 采用静电拉伸法控制薄膜反射镜面形, 具有结构简单、反射镜面形易于控制等优点, 其原理为利用静电场上库仑力作用使薄膜产生面形变化, 生成所需的光学曲面. 由于薄膜变形力学, 以及静电场理论的复杂性, 目前薄膜成形及其面形控制在理论分析上仍未有定量的结果. 本文主要以单电极静电场中的薄膜反射镜面形为考察因素, 通过数值计算的方法得到薄膜反射镜上的静电力分布, 运用有限元分析获得该分布下的反射镜面形, 并将其与理想面形进行比较. 提出采用多电极闭环控制可获得更高的控制精度, 对静电拉伸薄膜的研究具有一定的指导意义.      

目标姿态对空间目标辐射特性影响及探测技术

空间目标特性的研究是开展空间目标探测的重要基础。研究了目标姿态对空间目标辐射特性的影响,建立了相关的物理模型。在工程应用方面,对这种影响作为目标探测依据的可行性进行了分析,并提出了一套针对目标灰度变化的探测算法,为物理仿真系统的建立和探测载荷的研制奠定了基础。     

压电偏摆镜快速精确控制研究

研究压电偏摆镜的快速精确控制系统.采用压电偏摆镜、电压放大器、位移传感器和实时控制系统AD5435搭建了闭环控制跟踪系统,根据压电系统动力学特性设计前馈-反馈复合控制器,采用闭环控制实验验证了压电偏摆镜的快速跟踪能力,对50 Hz谐波和三角波跟踪时,相对均方根误差小于3.6%.提出的压电偏摆镜精确跟踪控制设计方法可以应用在星载光机系统的精确扫描和抖振抑制等领域.     

基于四轴数控机床面齿轮磨削方法

为了制造出高精度硬齿面面齿轮,提高刀具的通用性并简化机床结构,提出一种基于四轴数控机床和盘形砂轮多线包络磨削面齿轮的加工方法。设计顶刃带有圆弧的盘形砂轮对插齿刀齿面进行仿形。建立盘形砂轮磨削面齿轮的数学模型,规划盘形砂轮的刀位轨迹。通过数值模拟方法探究刀具的顶刃圆弧半径和转矩角对齿面包络残差的影响规律。结合选用的四轴数控机床结构,推导盘形砂轮磨削面齿轮的数控运动规律,并在VERICUT软件中进行仿真加工。将仿真模型与理论齿面进行对比分析,得到齿面偏差的最大值为-4.3~4.7 μm,结果验证了所提出加工方法的正确性,也证明了根据齿面包络残差的影响规律选用合适的刀具加工参数,可以保证面齿轮齿面精度的同时提高加工效率。     

ELID成形磨削实验研究与表面粗糙度预测

为了探究ELID成型磨削中磨削参数和电解参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,基于未变形切屑厚度模型,考虑砂轮上磨粒出刃高度的随机性以及ELID磨削中氧化膜的影响,建立了针对ELID磨削的表面粗糙度预测模型。单因素实验研究了ELID成形磨削电源参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并探讨了电解电流与氧化膜厚度之间的关系。全因子实验以工件转速、砂轮转速和进给切深为影响因素,研究了磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,并对预测模型进行了验证。结果表明:磨削参数中,其他条件一定时,表面粗糙度随砂轮转速的增大而减小,随工件转速和切深的增大而增大;同时对于粗糙度的预测误差达到了8.75%,预测模型有效可靠。     

航空发动机叶片叶缘随形磨抛刀路规划

航空发动机叶片是整机核心零件,其制造量占到30%以上。叶片叶缘具有大弯扭复杂曲面、薄壁圆角半径微小渐变、精度要求苛刻等特征,末端工序磨抛的精度和品质直接决定整机的性能与寿命。人工仍然是叶片叶缘磨抛的主要手段,然而粉尘危害健康、经验依赖性强、零件一致性差等不足决定了自动化磨抛是必然趋势。叶片叶缘自动化磨抛多采用砂轮横磨或纵磨的刀路规划方式,存在刀路不连续且分行密集、力控制困难等不足,易造成叶缘局部过切,难以保证圆角轮廓创成。为此,建立了砂带包络叶缘的螺旋进给力控磨抛工艺,提出了面族与复杂曲面高阶切触的随形磨抛路径规划方法,实现了叶片叶缘的宽行高效磨抛。首先对叶缘区域进行横磨刀路规划,然后依照圆弧拟合曲线原理进行高阶切触式包络段再规划,最后进行横纵混合磨抛路径规划实现螺旋式连续进给。针对航空发动机叶片开展仿真和实验验证,结果表明所提出的方法相比于传统的横磨或纵磨方法,可将刀触点减少78.8%,轮廓精度由-0.06~+0.07 mm提高到-0.015~+0.05 mm,表面粗糙度由R_a>3.2 μm提高到0.175 μm,并且有效保证了叶缘轮廓形状,避免了过切现象。     

Profile error compensation in precision grinding of ellipsoid optical surface

Optical glass elements with the ellipsoidal surface are used in many critical aerospace instruments, such as satellites, telescope and cameras. Their optical performance is mainly affected by profile accuracy and surface quality. In this paper, a rectangular ellipsoid surface is precisely ground on a BK7 optical glass blank by grating scanning grinding path with a three-axis CNC precision surface grinder. A profile error compensation procedure for ellipsoidal grinding is proposed based on the error analysis about the primary error sources in the XY and YZ projection planes during the grinding process. The mathematical prediction models of the wheel arc profile error, the measurement and wear error of the grinding wheel radiuses are established. By applying the proposed error compensation procedure, the profile accuracy of the ellipsoidal surface was improved from 4 μm to 2 μm in the XY plane, and improved from 15 μm to 5 μm in the YZ plane.     

Deployment dynamics for flexible deployable primary mirror of space telescope with paraboloidal and laminated structure by using absolute node coordinate method

A nonlinear dynamic modeling method for primary mirror of Flower-like Deployable Space Telescope (F-DST) undergoing large deployment motion is proposed in this paper. To ensure pointing accuracy and attitude stability of the paraboloidal primary mirror, the mirror is discretized into equal thickness shell elements by considering shell curvature. And the material nonlinear constitutive relation of flexible mirror is acquired using Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF). Furthermore, the primary mirror of F-DST can be regarded as a clustered multi-body system, and its dynamic equations of elastic deformation and deployment motion are established by virtual work principle. Finally, the deployment motion of primary mirror by different driving conditions are simulated, the results show that the vibrations of mirrors that driven by elastic hinge device are more than that driven by servo motor. In addition, single sub-mirror deployment process will perturb the pointing accuracy of primary mirror, and the multiple sub-mirrors simultaneously deploying will seriously affect all the sub-mirrors surface accuracy because of the coupling effect. Thus, there are theoretical value and practical significance for the controlling surface accuracy and attitude accuracy of space telescope.     

Performance evaluation of creep feed grinding of γ-TiAl intermetallics with electroplated diamond wheels

This paper evaluates the performance of creep feed grinding γ-TiAl intermetallic (Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb) using electroplated diamond wheels. Firstly, a comparative analysis with the grinding results by using electroplated CBN wheels was conducted, mainly involving abrasive wheel wear behavior and maximum material removal rate below surface burn limit. It was found that the diamond wheel would produce much better grinding results including lower wheel wear rate and higher maximum material removal rate. Then the surface integrity obtained at different level of material removal rate was characterized with the utilization of the diamond wheel. The poor ductility of this γ-TiAl intermetallic material was found to have a marginal effect on the surface integrity, as no severe surface defects such as material pullout were generated during the stable wheel wear stage. For the involved operating parameters, a deformation layer was produced with ∼10 μm or more in thickness depending on the material removal rate used. Meanwhile, a work-hardened layer extending to more than 100 μm was produced with a maximum microhardness of above 520 HV_0.05 (bulk value 360 HV_0.05). The residual stress remained compressive, with a value of above −100 MPa and even up to −500 MPa for an elevated material removal rate. Shearing chip was the main chip type, indicating good wheel sharpness in the grinding process.     

粘弹性约束阻尼在空间大口径反射镜上的应用研究

针对空间三点两脚架(Bipod)支撑大口径反射镜组件在发射阶段振动响应过大,容易导致结构强度破坏的问题,文章研究了利用粘弹性约束阻尼技术对其进行减振设计的方法。约束阻尼技术能够在不改变原有结构构型的前提下,有效降低结构的共振响应。首先,建立了反射镜组件的有限元模型,分析了反射镜组件模态应变能分布规律,确定了Bipod支撑结构的柔性环节为约束阻尼的铺敷位置。然后,通过有限元法分析比较了不同约束层材料以及约束层和阻尼层厚度对结构减振效果的影响,为粘弹性约束阻尼减振技术在大口径反射镜组件上的实际应用提供了参考。