竖直下降圆管内超临界压力RP-3航空煤油传热恶化实验研究

为理解空-油换热器中的冷却换热特性，对竖直下降圆管内超临界压力RP-3航空煤油的换热进行了实验研究。探究了稳态换热特征和换热机理，探讨了质量流量、热流密度、运行压力和进口温度对换热的影响；基于拟沸腾数提出了传热恶化的临界准则以及壁温最大飞升值的预测准则；通过浮升力和热加速判别准则分析了两者对换热的影响；实现了换热关联式预测。结果表明：浮升力和热加速对换热的影响可以忽略。拟沸腾换热机制，即近壁流体膨胀力相比惯性力占主导时，类气态流体层覆盖壁面是传热恶化的原因。当拟沸腾数高于2.5×10^-4时，拟沸腾换热机制起作用。最后，探究了泄压过程中的瞬态换热特征。泄压过程中拟沸腾数不断增大，传热恶化加剧，高泄压速率下甚至出现壁温波动。     

褶皱结构对蜻蜓后翅的气动特性影响分析

褶皱结构是否能对蜻蜓后翅气动性能产生正面的影响,对蜻蜓后翅气动性能的影响是否与雷诺数(Re)相关。建立接近真实蜻蜓后翅的三维蜻蜓后翅褶皱模型和拥有同样外形的三维平板模型,利用计算流体力学方法分别计算两个模型在不同Re、不同攻角(α)下滑翔飞行时的气动特性。结果表明:褶皱结构的存在会明显提高蜻蜓后翅的升力,但是同时也会增大其阻力;不同Re情况下,褶皱结构对蜻蜓后翅气动性能的影响不同,当Re=1 000,α=0°～25°时,蜻蜓后翅的气动效能始终略优于三维平板;褶皱结构对蜻蜓后翅气动特性的影响与α也相关,α较大时蜻蜓后翅的气动效能略优于三维平板。     

旋流对固体燃料冲压发动机燃烧过程的影响

针对旋流数对固体燃料冲压发动机燃烧流场的影响，进行了不同旋流数(s=0,0.2,0.4,0.6)工况下固体燃料冲压发动机直连式试验研究，固体燃料采用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE），并对s=0.6和s=0两个工况进行数值仿真研究.试验和数值仿真结果表明:旋流的引入有助于火焰稳定，对提高补燃室压强和燃速有积极作用.在旋流工况下会使药柱表面热流密度高于无旋流，并使燃烧室中的化学反应更加充分.高强度旋流的引入会使燃烧更加充分，燃烧效率有所提高.      

镁粉与二氧化碳动态点火燃烧特性数值研究

Mg粉/CO₂粉末发动机是火星探测中较为理想的原位资源利用方案，为了掌握Mg/CO₂粉末发动机稳定点火燃烧特性，在考虑氧化层厚度对Mg颗粒熄火影响的基础上，基于涡耗散/有限速率模型建立了点火燃烧模型，并应用数值计算方法研究了Mg粉颗粒粒径（5μm， 10μm， 15μm， 20μm和25μm）、入口预混气流雷诺数（1500， 2000， 2500， 3000和3500）和CO₂/Mg氧燃比（0.5， 1， 1.5， 2和2.5）对Mg粉/CO₂动态点火燃烧的影响。计算结果表明：雷诺数和氧燃比恒定时，随着粒径从5μm增加到10μm，平均温度升高，平均点火时间延长，燃烧效率增加；随着粒径从10μm增加到25μm，平均温度降低，平均点火时间延长，燃烧效率减少。粒径和氧燃比恒定时，平均温度随雷诺数增加而下降；平均点火时间和燃烧效率随雷诺数增加基本不变。粒径和雷诺数恒定，随着氧燃比从0.5增大到1.5，平均温度升高；随着氧燃比从1.5增大到2.5，平均温度下降；平均点火时间和燃烧效率随氧燃比增大基本不变。     

区间不确定信息下可修系统基于幂律过程的贝叶斯可靠性评估方法研究

贝叶斯方法常用于小子样场合下航空航天等领域中可修系统的可靠性评估，由于一些不确定因素影响致使无法精确收集先验信息和/或可修系统的故障信息，但却可获得其上下界信息。针对区间不确定信息情形，本文提出多台可修系统当其失效过程服从幂律过程（PLP）时的贝叶斯可靠性分析方法，将信息先验下PLP模型基于区间信息的贝叶斯分析转化为所求目标函数恰是该先验下PLP 模型传统贝叶斯分析的约束优化问题；具体工程实例对本文所提方法的可行性，有效性进行验证。结果表明：本文所提贝叶斯可靠性分析方法能够为小子样场合下，考虑不确定性因素影响时可修系统的可靠性评估问题研究提供一种值得参考的方法。     

A numerical study of segmented cooling-stream injection in supersonic film cooling

The present study proposes a segmented cooling-stream injection structure based on a certain coolant mass flow rate, and numerically investigates the effect of segmented cooling-stream injection on supersonic film cooling. The results indicate that without shock-wave impingement and with helium as the coolant, segmented cooling-stream injection can reduce the mixing between the mainstream and the cooling stream to produce better cooling performance than single injection, especially at larger coo...     

Statistical analysis of the occurrence rate of geomagnetic storms during solar cycles 20–24

This study examines the occurrences rate of geomagnetic storms during the solar cycles (SCs) 20–24. It also investigates the solar sources at SCs 23 and 24. The Disturbed storm time (Dst) and Sunspot Number (SSN) data were used in the study. The study establishes that the magnitude of the rate of occurrences of geomagnetic storms is higher (lower) at the descending phases (minimum phases) of solar cycle. It as well reveals that severe and extreme geomagnetic storms (Dst < -250 nT) seldom occur at low solar activity but at very high solar activity and are mostly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) when occurred. Storms caused by CME + CH-HSSW are more prominent during the descending phase than any other phase of the solar cycle. Solar minimum features more CH-HSSW- associated storms than any other phase. It was also revealed that all high intensity geomagnetic storms (strong, severe and extreme) are mostly associated with CMEs. However, CH-HSSW can occasionally generate strong storms during solar minimum. The results have proven that CMEs are the leading cause of geomagnetic storms at the ascending, maximum and the descending phases of the cycles 23 and 24 followed by CME + CH-HSSW. The results from this study indicate that the rate of occurrence of geomagnetic storms could be predicted in SC phases.     

球面螺旋槽动静压气体轴承的动态特性分析及稳定性预测

以球面螺旋槽动静压气体轴承为研究对象，建立以轴心瞬时位置和瞬时变位速度为参数，球面螺旋槽动静压气体轴承的非线性动态润滑分析计算数学模型.采用导数积分法和有限差分法相结合，数值计算出三维气膜的瞬态扰动压力分布、气膜刚度和阻尼系数.研究转速、偏心率及供气压力对气膜动态特性系数的影响规律.研究结果表明:随着供气压力、转速以及偏心率的增大，气膜刚度和阻尼系数均有不同程度的变化.建立球面螺旋槽动静压气体轴承转子系统稳定性预测模型，根据劳斯稳定性判据预测轴承的稳定性，并将稳定性与主动控制轴承运行时的刚度和阻尼相关联，为遏制轴承失稳提供理论基础.      

雷诺数对增升装置流动特性影响的计算研究Ⅰ——气动力特性和汇流边界层

在1×10~630×10~6的雷诺数范围内,马赫数为0.197的情况下,使用数值计算方法研究了雷诺数对NHLP-2D翼型的气动力特性和流动特性的影响。建立的数值模型考虑了汇流边界层的网格处理,与已有试验和计算结果对比分析表明本数值模型可信。计算结果表明,当雷诺数大于1.5×10~7时,雷诺数对气动力系数的影响明显减小,且小迎角下气动力随雷诺数呈线性变化趋势。汇流边界层高度随雷诺数增大而降低,缝翼和主翼产生的尾迹强度随雷诺数的增大而减弱,同时尾迹宽度逐渐减小。在高雷诺数下,襟翼尾缘处仍存在较强的缝翼尾迹,说明尾迹/边界层的相互融合作用随雷诺数增大而减小。本文为后续雷诺数对缝道流动特性的影响研究提供了基础。     

Effects of adverse pressure gradient on Reynolds stresses inturbulent boundary layers

The effects of adverse pressure gradient (APG) on Reynolds stresses in turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) with APG were analyzed. The difficulty of this work was attributable to the Reynolds stresses in TBLs with APG under two combined effects, i.e.: effect of upstream flow and effect of APG. The effect of upstream flow is an inherent effect no matter pressure gradient exists or not. The individual effect was analyzed from absolute developments of Reynolds stresses in TBLs with zero pressure gradient (ZPG) firstly. Effect of APG was then analyzed from absolute developments of Reynolds stresses in TBLs with APG. Result showed that, for absolute development of mean streamwise Reynolds stresses, APG accelerated its development in TBL with ZPG; for absolute development of mean normal or shear Reynolds stresses, APG increased their magnitude in the outer part, and decreased their extent of large value region.