9SiCr合金刃具钢在不同介质淬火后性能比较

通过对9SiCr合金刃具钢在清水、锭子油和高压气体等淬火介质中淬火对比实验,研究了9SiCr合金刃具钢在不同介质淬火工艺处理后的性能。研究结果表明,水淬火时试件表面与中心的温差较大,锭子油次之,高压气体较小;试件高压气体淬火时,温度梯度小,整个断面冷却比较均匀,可以预计,相应的热应力和热变形也比较小;应用适当压力的氮气能够实现淬透性比较好的9SiCr合金刃具钢的淬火处理。     

A review on the upper atmospheric sodium observations from India: Insights

This review article briefly brings out the historical development of atmospheric sodium (Na) measurements over India and the importance of coordinated measurements with multiple techniques to address physical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These measurements were initiated in the early 1970s by observing Na airglow emission intensities with broad band airglow photometer from Mt. Abu, a low-latitude hill station in India. Considerable amount of night-to-night variations in nocturnal emission intensities of the Na airglow were observed. Later, investigations regarding the dependence with the magnetic activities from the equatorial and low latitudes were carried out and double-humped structures in the nocturnal variation of intensities were reported. With the advent of Na lidar at Gadanki around 2005, the measurements of atmospheric neutral Na atom concentration became possible and more frequent occurrences of sporadic Na layers over the magnetic low latitude station compared to other latitudes were detected indicating the role played by electrodynamics. Later, a possible relationship between E-region field aligned plasma irregularities and the concentration of neutral Na atoms was investigated using coordinated measurements of VHF radar and Na lidar. Further, simultaneous measurements with Na lidar and a narrow band airglow photometer with narrow field of view brought out the importance of coordinated observation wherein the characterization of gravity waves could be carried out and also revealed the importance of collisional quenching due to ambient molecules in the Na airglow emission processes. In addition, combining the ground based measurements of Na lidar and meteor wind radar along with satellite measurements made possible to hypothesize the over-turning Kelvin–Helmholtz billow in the Na layer manifests “C-type” or inverted lambda shape structures in the height-time-concentration map of neutral Na atoms. This review paper presents a synoptic view mostly based on the previously reported observations of Na airglow emission, Na lidar and coordinated Na airglow and Na lidar observations from the Indian sector and highlights the importance of simultaneous measurements of mesospheric Na and its emissions along with satellite-borne measurements to address interesting geophysical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere.     

O2 evolution and cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis

Based on the purpose of better exploring the function of green producers in the closed aquatic biological life support system, the condition of dynamic O₂ evolution and performance of cyclic electron flow around photosystem I (CEF-PSI) in long-term ground batch culture of Euglena gracilis were studied, the relationship between linear electron flow (LEF) and CEF-PSI was revealed, the function of CEF-PSI was investigated. Excellent consistency in O₂ evolution pattern was observed in cultures grown in both closed and open containers, O₂ evolution was strictly suppressed in phase 1, but the rate of it increased significantly in phase 2. CEF-PSI was proposed to be active during the whole course of cultivation, even in the declining phase 3, it still operated at the extent of 47–55%. It is suggested that the relationship between LEF and CEF-PSI is not only competition but also reciprocity. CEF-PSI was proposed to contribute to the considerable growth in phase 1; it was also suggested to play an important protective role against photosystem II (PSII) photoinhibition at the greatly enhanced level (approximately 80–95%) on the 2nd day. Our results in this research suggest that E. gracilis had very particular photosynthetic characteristics, the strict O₂ evolution suppression in the initial culture phase might be a special light acclimation behavior, and CEF-PSI could be an important mechanism involved in this kind of adaptation to the changeable light environment.     

本生灯预混火焰淬熄距离实验分析

淬熄距离是表征壁面淬熄效应的一项重要参数.通过直接拍摄火焰位置图片,得到甲烷本生灯预混火焰淬熄距离随来流预混气速度与当量比的变化关系.实验结果表明,本生灯火焰淬熄距离随来流速度的变化规律在不同当量比范围内是不同的.而在同一速度下,随来流当量比增大,淬熄距离贫油时减小,富油时先增大再减小,最后在某一当量比时淬熄距离保持一个定值.这一变化关系是由来流预混气对壁面的冷却作用和火焰面对壁面的加热作用共同影响所造成的,尤其是富油预混火焰的双层结构会极大地影响淬熄效应.      

某航空发动机轴承钢球失效分析

针对某航空发动机轴承钢球的表面剥落及裂纹故障,利用视频显微镜、扫描电镜等设备对故障钢球剥落表面进行宏、微观检查,明确了钢球表面剥落性质为滚动接触疲劳;通过裂纹断口分析、能谱分析及金相检查等手段,确定了钢球裂纹是在淬火过程中温度过高导致的淬火裂纹,同时钢球组织中存在带状碳化物,对淬火裂纹的产生有一定的促进作用。淬火裂纹在钢球工作过程中并未扩展,但引起钢球表面发生接触疲劳剥落。建议在钢球热处理过程中,严格控制热处理工艺参数,保证热处理温度和保温时间的稳定。     

聚合物淬火介质用于高碳钢丝淬火冷却的试验研究

采用聚二醇类聚合物淬火介质水溶液代替铅浴用于钢丝的淬火冷却，初步分析了聚合物淬火介质的冷却机理，进一步探索了高碳钢丝无公害处理的新途径，试验结果表明，选用一定浓度范围的聚合物水溶性淬火介质代替铅冷却，可满足钢丝组织和性能的要求。     

直背式轿车起动过程中气动现象的研究

用计算流体力学方法对直背式轿车起动过程中的非定常外流场进行了数值模拟,采用k-ε湍流模型及一阶迎风格式计算出两种加速度下气动阻力和阻力系数.结果表明起动过程中气动阻力有较为显著的增加,并在起动后很短时间内达最大值.当汽车行驶平稳时,阻力趋于某一定值.阻力系数在起动过程中急速下降,起动结束后变化平缓,也趋于某一定值.起动过程中,车尾部逐渐形成旋涡,汽车头尾部压差逐渐变大,行驶平稳后,压差变小.      

跨国公司对我国轿车制造业投资的技术溢出效应

跨国公司的技术转移并没有给中国轿车产业带来实质性的提高,反而通过对核心技术的掌握牵制合资公司的产品开发,从而导致了中国轿车产业越来越依赖跨国公司的技术转移。跨国公司牢牢把持配套采购权,中国汽车零配件行业受到技术与市场的双重排斥。跨国公司在我国轿车市场的扩张所带动的主要不是中国的关联企业,而是外资企业。在中国企业与外方合资过程中,原国有企业研发力量被阉割、肢解、解散。对于中国汽车工业来说,通过合资引不进轿车开发的核心技术,技术溢出也决不会自动形成产品开发上的技术能力,所以把通过合资生产所带来的技术知识转化成为中国企业在产品开发上的技术能力,更需要中国企业自身的学习和创新。     

旋流器出口结构对旋流火焰的影响研究

为了更深入地理解非预混旋流火焰,采用大涡模拟（LES）耦合PDF燃烧模型,结合OH-PLIF及PIV同步测量实验,综合研究了两种通道结构对非预混旋流火焰模式的影响。结果表明,欧拉随机场PDF方法可以较精确地预测到旋流流场及精细的火焰结构,包括局部熄火。不同的通道结构将显著影响流场结构,由于湍流/化学反应的相互作用,火焰将会出现局部熄火及火焰抬升现象。由于无通道相比于扩张通道的回流区更小,局部熄火现象也更为严重。同时,在恰当当量比下,无通道结构的OH及CH₂O等中间基在低温区分布更为广泛,表明更多的低温化学反应得以进行,为下游抬升火焰的稳定提供了有利条件。     

不同透风率超大型冷却塔台风致内吸力取值

风荷载是超大型冷却塔设计的控制荷载,塔筒内部风荷载取值仅考虑了良态风工况。为研究台风作用下超大型冷却塔内吸力分布特性,采用多重嵌套的中尺度天气研究预报（Weather research and forecast,WRF）模式对台风“鲇鱼”进行高时空分辨率模拟,并借助最小二乘法优化技术拟合得到近地面三维风速剖面。以山西潞安电厂220 m世界最高冷却塔为对象,结合中-小尺度耦合模式嵌套技术对超大型冷却塔进行台风和A类地貌下大气边界层良态气候风的近地面三维风场CFD模拟。在此基础上,探讨了塔内绕流特性、能量分布、阻力系数以及风阻的差异和产生原因,对比分析了冷却塔内表面风压系数三维分布特征,最后给出台风作用下超大型冷却塔内吸力的取值建议。结果表明,采用WRF-CFD耦合模式可以有效模拟台风下超大型冷却塔近地三维风场,考虑0%、15%、30%及100%百叶窗透风率下台风致内吸力系数取值分别为-0.61、-0.36、-0.34和-0.42。