瞬态加热条件下高温应变计测量误差的修正方法

主要介绍飞机、火箭等宇航飞行器，在瞬态快速加热条件下用高温应变计测量结构或部件应变时．测量结果的误差修正方法。     

复合材料喷管非线性瞬态热应力分析

本文给出了热弹性力学的理论公式．在考虑高温下复合材料参数随温度变化而变化的非线性因素的前提下，推导了结构瞬态温度场和热应力的有限元公式，并对一C／C复合材料火箭发动机喷管进行了温度场和热应力的分析。结果表明，在考虑非线性后，结构各处应力均较低，但在不同材料交界面附近出现很高应力，这在设计中应予以考虑。本算法思路简单且实用，在工程中有较大的参考意义。     

高温应变计在瞬态加热条件下温度特性的试验研究

在瞬态加热条件下，应变计的瞬时热输出特性与应变计在慢速升温条件的热输出曲线有明显的差别。这种差别随着温升速率的提高将更加明显，本文主要介绍这种差别的试验研究结果。     

叶片非线性瞬态响应计算方法与参数选择

在计算叶片的岛撞击响应时，为提高计算精度及降低计算成本，需要为待解的非线性动力方程组制定一个合理的求解方案，这包括选择系数矩阵的算法与非线性动力方程组的解法，以及选择主要计算参数，本文介绍了当使用ＡＤＩＮＡ程序计算平板叶片在冲载荷下的非线性瞬态响应时，对计算方法与计算参数的选择，算例说明了时间步长的重要影响作用。     

高频高速流体振荡器工作特性

设计了一种新型高频高速流体振荡器,并采用热线风速仪、高频动态压力传感器等测量手段,对其频率-压力响应特性、速度-压力响应特性及内部压力传播特性进行了实验研究。结果表明:设计的流体振荡器工作频率约为900 Hz,进出口压比为2时,其出口射流速度范围为75~239 m/s。建立了振荡周期/频率与内部尺寸的关系式,验证了振荡器内部的压力传播与反射机制,并用压力的作用机制解释了射流偏转的两个阶段,为今后设计不同流动条件下所需的流体振荡器提供了设计思路。      

基于内外传热耦合的热气防冰系统仿真计算

基于内外传热耦合原理,建立了热气防冰系统的AMESim仿真模型,研究热气防冰系统在不同引气状态下,管路流量、压力及蒙皮温度的变化规律.采用所建立的仿真方法,计算飞机机翼热气防冰系统的内部流动特性和内外耦合传热特性,将计算结果与热气防冰系统流量分配试验结果进行对比.结果表明:管路流量、压力和蒙皮温度的仿真计算结果与试验结果最大误差为9%,验证了该仿真模型的正确性.在此基础上,对飞机短舱热气防冰系统进行了仿真,分析了飞行包线下系统内外的换热、温度变化、加热效率等关键参数的瞬态特性.仿真结果为热气防冰系统的设计、分析与优化提供依据.      

飞机隔热结构热桥效应分析与实验

针对飞机隔热结构中金属筋条的热桥问题,设计了两类典型飞机隔热结构构型。为了研究分析热桥效应对隔热性能的影响,对各构型进行瞬态热传导有限元分析,得到在热面温度分别为100℃,200℃,300℃,424℃时考核点的温度,并通过隔热性能实验验证了有限元方法的有效性。结果表明:热桥对隔热结构的隔热性能有较大影响,设计隔热结构时应充分考虑热桥现象;提出了热桥阻断的方法。     

变频交流发电系统双定子绕组异步发电机短路瞬态分析

航空变频交流电源发电机突然短路是一种常见的故障情况,其瞬变过程值得展开深入研究。针对用于航空变频交流发电系统的双定子绕组异步发电机(DWIG),分析了两套绕组同时发生对称突然短路的情况,运用解析法给出了短路电流的衰减规律,最大短路电流计算公式及到达时刻。研究结果表明,DWIG在短路时定子绕组中将产生两个直流衰减分量和一个旋转衰减分量,分别对应两套定子绕组和转子的影响,其瞬态电抗的形式与带阻尼绕组的同步电机直轴超瞬变电抗类似,并与瞬态电流的峰值成反比关系,分析表明DWIG短路电流的峰值小于同步发电机。所得的结果能够有助于深入理解DWIG的瞬态特性,获得的解析公式有助于对发电机突然短路电流进行估算,辅助发电机电磁设计,可以为发电系统保护单元和控制器的设计提供理论参考。     

Shear flow energy redistribution stipulated by the internal-gravity wavy structures in the dissipative ionosphere

The linear mechanism of generation, intensification and further nonlinear dynamics of internal gravity waves (IGW) in stably stratified dissipative ionosphere with non-uniform zonal wind (shear flow) is studied. In case of the shear flows the operators of linear problem are non-selfadjoint, and the corresponding Eigen functions – nonorthogonal. Thus, canonical – modal approach is of less use studying such motions. Non-modal mathematical analysis becomes more adequate for such problems. On the basis of non-modal approach, the equations of dynamics and the energy transfer of IGW disturbances in the ionosphere with a shear flow is obtained. Exact analytical solutions of the linear as well as the nonlinear dynamic equations of the problem are built. The increment of shear instability of IGW is defined. It is revealed that the transient amplification of IGW disturbances due time does not flow exponentially, but in algebraic – power law manner. The effectiveness of the linear amplification mechanism of IGW at interaction with non-uniform zonal wind is analyzed. It is shown that at initial linear stage of evolution IGW effectively temporarily draws energy from the shear flow significantly increasing (by an order of magnitude) own amplitude and energy. With amplitude growth the nonlinear mechanism turns on and the process ends with self-organization of nonlinear solitary, strongly localized IGW vortex structures (the monopole vortex, the transverse vortex chain or the longitudinal vortex street). Accumulation of these vortices in the ionospheric medium can create the strongly turbulent state.     

Provocative radio transients and base rate bias: A Bayesian argument for conservatism

Most searches for alien radio transmissions have focused on finding omni-directional or purposefully earth-directed beams of enduring duration. However, most of the interesting signals so far detected have been transient and non-repeatable in nature. These signals could very well be the first data points in an ever-growing data base of such signals used to construct a probabilistic argument for the existence of extraterrestrial intelligence. This paper looks at the effect base rate bias could have on deciding which signals to include in such an archive based upon the likely assumption that our ability to discern natural from artificial signals will be less than perfect.