Structural mass prediction in conceptual design of blended-wing-body aircraft

The Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) is an unconventional configuration of aircraft and considered as a potential configuration for future commercial aircraft. One of the difficulties in conceptual design of a BWB aircraft is structural mass prediction due to its unique structural feature. This paper presents a structural mass prediction method for conceptual design of BWB aircraft using a structure analysis and optimization method combined with empirical calibrations. The total BWB structural mass is divided into the ideal load-carrying structural mass, non-ideal mass, and secondary structural mass. Structural finite element analysis and optimization are used to predict the ideal primary structural mass, while the non-ideal mass and secondary structural mass are estimated by empirical methods. A BWB commercial aircraft is used to demonstrate the procedure of the BWB structural mass prediction method. The predicted mass of structural components of the BWB aircraft is presented, and the ratios of the structural component mass to the Maximum TakeOff Mass (MTOM) are discussed. It is found that the ratio of the fuselage mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is much higher than that for a conventional commercial aircraft, and the ratio of the wing mass to the MTOM for the BWB aircraft is slightly lower than that for a conventional aircraft.     

复杂通道类零件五轴加工刀轴规划

针对复杂通道类零件的五轴数控加工,提出一种控制刀轴稳定变化的刀轴规划方法。首先,通过对刀轴可行空间的均匀离散,建立一种高效求解刀轴可行空间精细边界的方法;然后,依据刀轴矢量规划准则,求解满足机床角加速度约束的可行刀轴序列集合,并提出一种切削行内旋转坐标线性变化的刀轴矢量规划方法;最后,通过建立刀轴变化和残留高度综合评价指标,得到优化的刀轴矢量,并与典型的商用软件进行了实验对比验证。结果表明,使用本文提出的刀轴规划方法得到的切削行刀位轨迹旋转坐标变化均匀,旋转轴角加速度最大值降低到商用软件的10%以下,残留高度平均值降低了22%,改善了切削过程的稳定性,提高了加工表面质量。     

General optimal design of solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle for priority considering propulsion system

This paper describes the general optimization design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle which priority considering propulsion system planning. Based on the traditional solar powered aircraft design method, the propulsion system top-level target parameters which affect the path planning are integrated into the general optimization design. According to the typical mission requirements of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, considering the design variables such as wing area, aspect ratio, design mission date and so on, the general optimization is carried out with the minimum aircraft weight as the optimization objective. The influence of wing area and aspect ratio on the optimal design results is analyzed and compared with the traditional design method. The results show that the general design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for priority considering propulsion system can greatly reduce the electricity demand of energy storage battery, greatly reduce the aircraft weight of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.     

一种用于静态红外地球敏感器的高效算法

为提高微纳卫星的姿态检测效果，针对静态红外地球敏感器的全景鱼眼成像特点，以单张红外成像为研究对象建立成像模型，提出了间隔向量积与t Location-Scale分布置信区间均值结合的算法。将红外成像投影到空间球体上形成空间像点环；在像点环上间隔取点做向量积，得到当前目标姿态角的样本集合；通过t Location-Scale分布进行极大似然估计，得到目标姿态角样本均值和方差的估计量；再次计算1σ置信区间内样本均值，最终得到目标姿态角的估计值。相比于原算法，目标姿态角在±10°内的标准差由0.06°下降为0.03°，精度提高了50%。另外为避免迭代收敛的耗时问题，给出了应用于实际工程的查表法，使运算速度提高了87%，提升了静态红外地球敏感器的测量精度和效率。     

石英陶瓷与碳纤维增强复合材料间胶接增强的优化工艺

为提高硅橡胶胶黏剂胶接石英陶瓷和碳纤维增强复合材料的强度和耐温性能,研究了胶接面湿热状态、打磨程度、胶层厚度、操作等待时间等工艺参数对胶接强度的影响。在试片正常烘干、打磨的情况下,当胶层厚度为0.4 mm、操作等待时间小于0.5 h时,胶接效果最优,其压缩剪切强度达到了3.06 MPa。探索了底涂剂处理对胶接强度和耐温性能的影响。在温度不高于100℃时,底涂剂A的效果较好。经底涂剂A处理后,胶接试片常温下的强度提高了13.7%,达到3.48 MPa;100℃时的强度提升率达到37.7%。在更高温度下,底涂剂B的效果更为显著。经底涂剂B处理后,胶接试片常温下的强度提升了10.1%,达到3.37 MPa;300℃时的强度提升了44.0%,达到1.57 MPa;200℃时的强度提升率最高,为49.0%。测试结果为高温条件下石英陶瓷胶接结构的胶接工艺优化及其应用提供了参考。     

利用集群内测距和对目标测向的协同定位方法

当多个飞行器间相对位置测量精度显著高于飞行器绝对定位精度时，在飞行器间增加相对测量，对各飞行器的定位测量协同处理，能提高绝对定位精度。本文针对集群飞行器对非合作目标不能测距而仅能测向的情况，通过在集群飞行器间引入相互测距，来提高集群飞行器自身和对非合作目标的定位精度。对于这种不完整相对测量情况，给出了能提高定位精度的协同定位求解方法，包括非线性静态优化估计和线性化后最小二乘估计方法。这种协同定位方案，不需要进行完整的相对位置测量，对测距和测向在群体相对测量中进行合理分解，降低了飞行器测量设备配置的要求。通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于神经网络和人工势场的协同博弈路径规划

协同博弈路径规划是空战自主决策、机器人体育比赛等应用场景中的重要问题，其难点在于对环境对抗性反馈的实时自适应和多智能体的相互配合。提出一种基于神经网络和人工势场的协同博弈路径规划方法，使用反向传播（BP）神经网络自适应调整人工势场函数系数，并将人工势场作为神经网络输出端的特征提取。为解决真实样本质量和数量不足的问题，基于遗传算法仿真生成样本数据用于神经网络训练，并通过滚动时域的思路面向动态博弈优化样本性能。从样本数据中提炼出距离差与航向差以反映协同和博弈特性，利用神经网络的黑盒特性和学习能力解决协同博弈问题。应用于二对一反隐身超视距空战路径规划，比经典人工势场法有明显性能提升，且计算开销可接受，计算复杂度分析表明该方法可以较好扩展到多机对抗场景。     

基于微分进化算法的二自由度PID控制器参数优化

针对二自由度PID控制器参数多、调节困难等问题,提出了一种基于微分进化算法参数调节优化方法。证明了微分进化算法能够收敛到平稳点,并具有概率全局收敛性。研究了二自由度PID控制器参数与抑制特性、跟踪特性的关系,并将微分算法与遗传算法、粒子群算法的参数优化结果进行了比较。仿真验证表明,微分算法能够更好地实现二自由度PID控制器参数的调节,具有优异的跟踪特性和抑制特性。     

Adaptive optimization methodology based on Kriging modeling and a trust region method

Surrogate-Based Optimization (SBO) is becoming increasingly popular since it can remarkably reduce the computational cost for design optimizations based on high-fidelity and expensive numerical analyses. However, for complicated optimization problems with a large design space, many design variables, and strong nonlinearity, SBO converges slowly and shows imperfection in local exploitation. This paper proposes a trust region method within the framework of an SBO process based on the Kriging model. In each refinement cycle, new samples are selected by a certain design of experiment method within a variable design space, which is sequentially updated by the trust region method. A multi-dimensional trust-region radius is proposed to improve the adaptability of the developed methodology. Further, the scale factor and the limit factor of the trust region are studied to evaluate their effects on the optimization process. Thereafter, different SBO methods using error-based exploration, prediction-based exploitation, refinement based on the expected improvement function, a hybrid refinement strategy, and the developed trust-region-based refinement are utilized in four analytical tests. Further, the developed optimization methodology is employed in the drag minimization of an RAE2822 airfoil. Results indicate that it has better robustness and local exploitation capability in comparison with those of other SBO methods.     

类X-38升力体运载器气动布局概念设计

开展升力体运载器的气动布局概念设计研究,利用二次曲线横截面及模线设计方法,提出一种类X-38升力体运载器气动外形,进行机体的优化和控制舵的匹配设计,研究飞行器的气动特性和操纵效率问题。研究表明,该方案可以获得较高的配平升阻比及配平攻角,有较高的容积效率和机动控制效率,可以作为未来航天运载器的潜在可行方案。