空气涡轮起动机优化设计和匹配特性

为改善某型空气涡轮起动机的性能，并使其与辅助动力装置的引气特性匹配，采用数值仿真和试验相结合的方法，开展了某型空气涡轮起动机气动性能和流场细节的研究，并完成了导向器和涡轮级叶型优化设计，改型后涡轮流量增大了23.2%，效率提升了3.4%，功率增加了18.0%。数值仿真和试验结果的对比表明，流量整体差别较小，波动范围在±3%以内，均值为0.17%；功率差别最大为2.38%，最小为0.1%，符合性较好。数值仿真结果表明，空气涡轮起动机改型后与辅助动力装置的引气特性线存在共同工作点，实现了两者的匹配工作，改善了辅助动力装置的工作状况。     

Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

基于RVCF的大视角差异图像匹配方法

文章针对 SIFT算法对大视角变化图像匹配效果差的问题,提出一种改进的 SIFT算法——抗视角变化特征 提摘取算法(Resistance to Viewpoint Change Feature,RVCF)。首先,利用最大稳定极值区域(MSER)算法提取图像中 的仿射不变特征区域；然后,利用协方差矩阵将 MSER检测出的椭圆区域转化成符合尺度空间条件的圆形区域；最 后,利用 SIFT算法对获得的圆形区域进行仿射不变特征的提取与匹配。实验结果表明:RVCF算法能够在大的视 角和尺度变化下成功实现图像间的匹配。     

磁损耗吸波涂层的损耗特性北大核心CSCD

为研究磁损耗吸波涂层的损耗特性,选取了两种羰基铁粉吸收剂及一种铁氧体吸收剂,采用同轴法测试了材料电磁参数,并计算了频率为1~18 GHz电磁波在吸波涂层中的衰减常数、相位常数和波长,考察了电磁波在吸波涂层中的衰减率,计算了吸波涂层对电磁波的输入阻抗和反射率。结果表明,厚度为2 mm的S型吸波涂层对频率为18 GHz的电磁波的衰减率达到-24.9 dB,电磁波能量下降为原来的0.3%。三种吸波涂层输入阻抗实部Re(Z_(in))最大值对应频率与反射率最大值对应频率值基本相等。输入阻抗实部Re(Z_(in))与自由空间中本征阻抗匹配性能不是决定涂层反射率的唯一重要因素。     

Target localization based on cross-view matching between UAV and satellite

Matching remote sensing images taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with satellite remote sensing images with geolocation information. Thus, the specific geographic location of the target object captured by the UAV is determined. Its main challenge is the considerable differences in the visual content of remote sensing images acquired by satellites and UAVs, such as dramatic changes in viewpoint, unknown orientations, etc. Much of the previous work has focused on image matching of homologous data. To overcome the difficulties caused by the difference between these two data modes and maintain robustness in visual positioning, a quality-aware template matching method based on scale-adaptive deep convolutional features is proposed by deeply mining their common features. The template size feature map and the reference image feature map are first obtained. The two feature maps obtained are used to measure the similarity. Finally, a heat map representing the probability of matching is generated to determine the best match in the reference image. The method is applied to the latest UAV-based geolocation dataset (University-1652 dataset) and the real-scene campus data we collected with UAVs. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the method.     

一种提高捷联惯性/里程计组合导航系统定位精度的后处理方法

测绘用捷联惯性/里程计组合导航系统多采用离线后处理技术.此类系统利用里程计位移微分获得的速度作为观测量,采用速度匹配,并通过待测路径中预置的Mark点校正航位推算的位置信息.本文建立了基于速度匹配的16维Kalman滤波模型,对全程采样数据进行正反向导航和滤波处理,以估计惯性器件和里程计的误差;在补偿相关误差后,再次进行正向导航和滤波解算,以获得更精确的姿态矩阵.随后,根据相邻两个Mark点之间的姿态信息进行航位推算,并更新里程计刻度系数、里程计与惯导间的姿态误差矩阵;若此Mark点间的位置误差过大,则重新进行航位推算以减小位置误差.结果表明,与传统正向滤波相比,采用该方法后系统的最大位置误差由1.72m降低到0.08m,定位精度提高了95％以上.     

地图辅助行人航迹推算技术的室内定位方法

针对目前室内定位技术中位置漂移、定位结果偏差较大的问题,提出了一种融合行人航迹推算(PDR)、地标匹配修正和地图辅助的室内行人定位方法.该方法利用基于惯性传感器的PDR技术计算行人位置信息,利用行走过程中的传感器读数特征识别室内特定地标点,与地标库数据进行匹配后,修正PDR轨迹产生的累积误差.室内地图辅助主要是通过判断行人是否位于走廊等区域,限制轨迹穿墙,约束PDR定位轨迹.实验结果表明,融合定位算法得到的轨迹优于纯惯性递推算法得到的轨迹,更加接近真实的行走轨迹,定位精度提高了51.2％,平均定位误差降至1.8m,满足室内定位需求.     

基于注意力机制和特征匹配的空对地多目标检测与跟踪算法

多目标跟踪算法是实现无人机自主导航的关键技术，为解决现有方法存在的小目标检测能力弱、计算能耗大、鲁棒性差等问题，提出一种基于注意力机制和特征匹配的多目标空对地跟踪算法，以实现航拍视角下对目标的精准高效跟踪。首先，引入通道可分离卷积，实现目标检测模型的轻量化；其次，构造融合空间注意力机制的小目标检测分支，提高对小微目标的检测精度，最后，优化目标跟踪算法的外观重识别网络，提高多目标跟踪效率。使用Visdrone2019-MOT数据集对所提算法进行验证，实验结果表明，所提算法的MOTA值提高了0.６%，FPS值为21.31帧/s，在模型大小和跟踪精度上实现了较好的平衡。     

共沉淀法制备花状NiCo2O4及其吸波性能的研究

通过共沉淀法制备花状NiCo₂O₄吸波材料，利用XRD、FTIR、BET、XPS和SEM等方式表征了样品成分及形貌特征，将不同煅烧温度（300、400、500、600、700 ℃）的产物利用矢量网络分析仪通过同轴测试法模拟了不同厚度下的吸波性能。结果表明：400 ℃煅烧样品在反射损耗值、吸收带宽以及样品厚度都表现出较好的性能，当厚度为1.5 mm时，在14.32 GHz处吸波材料达到最大的吸收损耗值为-43.71 dB，有效吸收带宽为4.48 GHz （12.08~16.56 GHz），可以预见镍钴基吸波材料具有很大的潜力。