利用存储过程实现简单分布式计算的方法

传统的高性能计算中间件几乎都是建立在操作系统层级之上为用户提供高性能计算和资源共享,普通用户一般很难掌握和使用。作者提出了一种建立在数据库管理系统层级之上使用存储过程完成简单分布式计算的方法,即各节点计算过程相对独立,无需频繁的消息传递,并以蒙特卡罗法计算圆周率为例说明了计算方法的设计和实现。实验结果表明该方法容易掌握、易于实现,计算效率较高,具有较高的使用和推广价值,是一种新的高性能计算方法。     

某型直升机主减滑油冷却风扇性能测试及分析

叙述了某型直升机主减滑油冷却风扇性能测试试验情况,并对进口风扇和国产风扇的性能作了分析比较,为该型直升机国产化风扇性能作出了结论,同时为直升机用风扇性能试验总结了经验。     

光纤消偏器及其应用

介绍了用于光纤陀螺的Lyot型消偏器的基本原理，并给出相应的计算公式。分析结果表明Lyot消偏器的最佳方案为两段光纤长度之比等于1：2。据此设计的退偏光纤陀螺性能具有较好的一致性。     

Design-to-Cost Applied Within an Integrated System Model

In an environment of declining financial budgets for space projects, new approaches - such as Design-To-Cost - are being implemented to improve today's satellite design processes. Using an example of a current mission (the power subsystem of the Solar Probe spacecraft) under study at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the main part of the paper discusses an Integrated System Model (structured into a performance model, a cost model, and an effectiveness model) that is part of a model-based design process used to perform cost-effectiveness trades. A simulation tool is used during the first step to size the components of the power subsystem, and then simulate its performance during operation. The determined dimensions are transferred into an EXCEL^TM-spreadsheet and linked to the components' costs. With a cost accounting tool that combines cost estimating relationships with the Work Breakdown Structure of the power subsystem, the life-cycle cost of each alternative design concept is computed. To determine the cost-risk of the different design alternatives for each component, cost probability distributions are introduced. By performing Monte-Carlo simulations, cost sensitivities are revealed. In the next step of the trade study process, the effectiveness of the alternatives is analyzed. Having determined cost and effectiveness, estimates can be made for where the different alternatives lie in the design space. The last part of the paper identifies the main drivers for the spacecraft's performance and cost. Finally it is shown how the mission design benefited from the Integrated System Model and from the application of Design-To-Cost.     

航天航空中急性缺氧条件下功效改变的研究

受试者为84名男性青年和实验工作人员,在低压舱1500、2500、3000、4000、5000和6000米高度上停留60分钟。每次实验一个高度,总共133人次。实验中,记录了数字记忆、听觉警觉和跟踪操作等多项功效指标。应用统计和模型方法对结果进行了分析,并试用模糊集理论对五种基本功效进行综合评定,得到了急性缺氧下功效改变有意义的结果。这些结果可为飞行员执行飞行任务,航天员在船舱内或穿着航天服在舱外执行任务及制订医学保证方案提供了科学依据。     

喷管扩散段型面对固体发动机性能的影响

通过计算喷管二维两相流和边界层比冲损失,研究了喷管扩散段型面对其性能的影响。研究结果表明：在喷管扩散段长度一定的情况下,膨胀比有一最佳值,超过该值,喷管性能反而下降;在膨胀比一定的情况下,在一定长度范围内喷管越长,其性能越高。从而得出,为使综合性能达到最佳,在一定膨胀比下喷管扩散段长度应取喷管出口直径的1～1．25倍。该结论可供设计人员参考。     

基于空间两点的视觉自主着陆导引算法设计

为提高无人机着陆效率,从着陆速度向量场和导引律设计两方面研究改进。首先,基于椭圆设计速度向量场,实现飞行路程更短、机动性能要求更低的着陆轨迹。然后,基于像素坐标系与机体坐标系的关系,设计无人机的航迹方位角指令;以椭圆切线方向为参考,结合合作矢量特征,设计航迹倾斜角指令;利用图像信息,设计速度大小指令。最后,理论比较了传统轨迹与提出轨迹对方向机动性性能的要求,给出了轨迹参数与无人机方向机动性性能的关系。利用Simulink搭建系统仿真平台,计算满足要求的合作矢量特征。结果表明,无人机以曲线轨迹准确软着陆到目标,满足实际运用的需要。      

Heading control strategy assessment for coaxial compound helicopters

The coaxial compound helicopter has two possible strategies for heading control: collective differential and rudder deflection. A flight dynamics model is developed to assess the effect of different heading control strategies. This includes the trim characteristics, steady flight performance,controllability, and manoeuvrability. The trim study demonstrates that heading control strategies are less influential on trim results, and the steady flight performance is also not significantly affected by the heading control strategy adopted. The controllability analysis shows although heading bandwidth and phase delay results at various speeds with different heading control strategies are all satisfied, the control derivative of the collective differential decreases as speed increases, and its heading aggressive agility is degraded into Level 3 in high-speed flight. In addition, using collective differential would lead to severe heading-rolling coupling as forward speed increases. On the contrary, the control derivative and aggressive agility of the rudder deflection is improved with forward speed, and there is no evidence of heading-rolling coupling. Finally, the transient turn MissionTask-Element(MTE) is utilized to investigate the heading manoeuvre characteristics in different heading control strategies, which indicates that the collective differential would add the amplitude of control input and the power consumption during this MTE.     

纳米碳粉掺杂对激光烧蚀GAP的推进性能影响

实验以含能聚合物聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(Glycidyl azide polymer,GAP）作为激光烧蚀微推力器的靶材。通过对不同浓度纳米碳粉掺杂和靶材厚度下激光烧蚀GAP的比冲、冲量耦合系数和能量转化效率测量，结合靶材喷射羽流图像，分析了纳米碳粉掺杂提高激光烧蚀聚合物靶材推进性能的机理，给出纳米碳粉掺杂的适用方式。实验结果表明：透射式下，掺杂纳米碳粉之后，聚合物对激光的吸收大幅增强，但激光烧蚀推进性能不随掺杂浓度增加而显著提升；纳米碳粉吸收激光能量形成温度极高的局部热区促进聚合物中化学能的释放，是推进性能提升的主要原因；掺杂纳米碳粉之后的GAP烧蚀深度降低，表现出面吸收特性；随着靶材厚度的增加，未完全烧蚀的工质质量增加，使得靶材的利用率大大降低，导致聚合物推进性能下降。实验中掺杂3%纳米碳粉、厚度为54 μm的GAP靶材最优能量转化效率超过250%，适合作为透射式激光烧蚀微推力器的靶材。     

航天器姿态预设性能控制方法综述

针对存在不确定惯量矩阵及其它未知不确定性(如执行器故障、航天器结构发生突变等)下的航天器姿态控制问题，综述了预设性能控制及其应用的研究进展。首先阐释了预设性能控制方法的基本内涵及其关键步骤；然后分析总结了现有航天器姿态控制以及预设性能控制研究的基本概况与发展趋势；最后面向未来复杂化、智能化的空间任务对航天器控制系统提出的新需求，提出航天器预设性能控制值得研究的问题和方向。