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181.
Igor S. Veselovsky Serge Koutchmy 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
Several important issues are open in the field of solar variability and they wait their solution which up to now was attempted using critical ground-based instrumentations. However, accurate photometric data are attainable only from space. New observational material should be collected with high enough spatial and spectral resolution, covering the whole visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum as well infrared and ultraviolet to reconstruct the total solar irradiance: (1) the absolute contributions of different small-scale structural entities of the solar atmosphere from the white light flares and from micro-flares are still poorly known; (2) we do not know the absolute contributions of different structural elements of the solar atmosphere to the long-term and to the cyclic variations of the solar irradiance, including features of the polar regions of the Sun; (3) the variations of the chromospheric magnetic network are still poorly evaluated; (4) only scarce information is available about the spectral variations of different small-scale features in the high photosphere. Variability of the Sun in white light can be studied with higher spectral, spatial and time resolution using space-born telescopes, which are more appropriate for this purpose than ground based observatories because of better seeing conditions, no interference of the terrestrial atmosphere and a more precise calibration procedure. Scientific requirements for such observations and the possible experimental tools proposed for their solution. Suggested solar studies have broader astrophysical importance. 相似文献
182.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(11):2608-2621
Although stand delineation approach based on aerial photographs and field survey produces high accuracy maps, it is labour-intensive and time consuming. Furthermore, conventional forest stand maps may have some uncertainties that can hardly be verified due to the experiments and skills of photo-interpreters. Therefore, researchers have been seeking more objective and cost-effective methods for forest mapping. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data have a high potential to automatically delineate forest stands. Unlike optical sensors, LiDAR height data provides information about both the horizontal and vertical structural characteristics of forest stands. However, it deprives of spectral data that may be successfully used in separating tree species. In this study, we investigate the potential of LiDAR – WorldView-3 data synergy for the automatic generation of a detailed forest stand map which can be used for a tactical forest management plan. Firstly, image segmentation was applied to LiDAR data alone and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set in order to obtain the most suitable image objects representing forest stands. Visual inspection of the segmentation results showed that image objects based on the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set were more compatible with the reference forest stand boundaries. After the segmentation process, the LiDAR and LiDAR/WorldView-3 data sets were independently classified using object-based classification method. We tested two levels of classification. The first was a detailed classification with 14 classes considering reference stand types. The second was the rough classification with 9 classes where some stand types were combined. The mean, standard deviation and texture features of LiDAR metrics and spectral information were used in the classification. The accuracy assessment results of LiDAR data showed that the Overall Accuracy (OA) was calculated as 0.31 and 0.43, and the Kappa Index (KIA) was calculated as 0.26 and 0.32 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. For the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data set, the OA values were calculated as 0.50 and 0.61, and the KIA were calculated as 0.46 and 0.55 for the detailed and rough classifications, respectively. These results showed that the forest stand map derived from the LiDAR/WorldView-3 data synergy is more compatible with the reference forest stand map. In conclusion, it can be said that the forest stand maps produced in this study may provide strategic forest planning needs, but it is not sufficient for tactical forest management plans. 相似文献
183.
《中国航空学报》2020,33(5):1494-1504
Adapter ring is a commonly used component in non-cooperative satellites, which has high strength and is suitable to be recognized and grasped by the space manipulator. During proximity operations, this circle feature may be occluded by the robot arm or limited field of view. Moreover, the captured images may be underexposed when there is not enough illumination. To address these problems, this paper presents a structured light vision system with three line lasers and a monocular camera. The lasers project lines onto the surface of the satellite, and six break points are formed along both sides of the adapter ring. A closed-form solution for real-time pose estimation is given using these break points. Then, a virtual structured light platform is constructed to simulate synthetic images of the target satellite. Compared with the predefined camera parameters and relative positions, the proposed method is demonstrated to be more effective, especially at a close distance. Besides, a physical space verification system is set up to prove the effectiveness and robustness of our method under different light conditions. Experimental results indicate that it is a practical and effective method for the pose measurement of on-orbit tasks. 相似文献
184.
F.X. Esnault N. Rossetto D. Holleville J. Delporte N. Dimarcq 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
HORACE (HOrloge à Refroidissement d’Atomes en Cellule = clock based on atoms cooled from vapour cell) is a compact cold caesium atom clock developed in SYRTE at Paris Observatory. This clock can operate both on ground and in microgravity environment. Design of HORACE is based on isotropic light cooling, allowing performing the whole clock sequence (cooling, atomic preparation, Ramsey interrogation and detection) at the same place. Compared to more conventional cold atom clocks such as atomic fountains, the use of isotropic light cooling simplifies both the optical part of the setup and the detection sequence, and leads to a drastic size reduction of the physics package. Very good short-term performances have been demonstrated at SYRTE since relative frequency instability of 2.2 × 10−13 τ−1/2 has been obtained. Optimization of the long term stability is still under progress and current results show relative frequency instability around 3 × 10−15 in 104 s of integration. With these performances, HORACE appears as a good candidate both for Galileo’s ground segment clock and for onboard Galileo clock. 相似文献
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188.
丛伟 《沈阳航空工业学院学报》2000,17(1):54-56
本文通过截线扫描法构造B-Spline曲面,介绍了扫描面的特性,并结合具体实例说明该方法在造型设计中的应用价值。 相似文献
189.
Gioia D. Massa Judith B. Santini Cary A. Mitchell 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m−2 in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space. 相似文献
190.
MEMS加速度传感器所采用的硅微机械加工技术存在个性化定制、小批量生产成本方面的不足,而3D打印技术的优势就在于无需模具的自由化定制、一机多用实现低成本产品生产,3D打印的发展趋势就是实现微纳尺度结构的制造。在此背景下,采用光固化立体成型技术设计了一种3D打印压阻式加速度传感器结构。传感器基底使用耐高温光敏树脂制作,并采用丝网印刷工艺在基底表面印制导电碳浆形成应变计结构。为此,首先对耐高温光敏树脂的相关热学与机械性能进行分析。通过测试,得到该光敏树脂固化后的起始分解温度等热力学参数。其次,通过控制光敏树脂紫外光固化时间,取得了较好杨氏模量和弯曲强度的树脂,且为该加速度传感器的结构仿真优化与制作工艺提供了必需数据与重要依据。除此之外,还对所设计的碳浆应变计结构进行了测试,得到了有效灵敏系数。通过以上工作,为最终实现3D打印加速度传感器的制作做好铺垫,助力3D打印技术与MEMS传感器技术相融合。 相似文献