Effect of bent inlet pipe on the flow instability behavior of centrifugal compressors

Bent inlet pipes are often used in centrifugal compressors due to limited installation space, and an understanding of the effect on compressor stability is essential for safety and durability. This paper firstly investigates flow instability behaviors in two compressors, one with a straight inlet pipe and the other with an S-shaped bent pipe. In detail, it analyzes the resulting flow fields, instability evolution paths and surge boundaries. The results show that the S-shaped pipe obviously affects the flow field at high mass flow rates, while reverse flow mainly influences the flow field at low mass flow rates. Reverse flow first occurs at certain flow passages with a high pressure difference that is predominantly decided by the volute rather than the S-shaped bent pipe. In addition, centrifugal compressors can tolerate reverse flow to some extent so that surge would not occur immediately if reverse flow occurs unless the reverse flow region extends circumferentially and radially to a sufficiently large size. Since the S-shaped pipe is not dominant in the creation and extension of reverse flow, it does not exacerbate the stability of the central compressor to a great extent. Last but not least, the S-shaped pipe is noted to delay the occurrence of surge at 90% rotating speed, which suggests the possibility of improving compressor stability with bent inlet pipes. This result differs from the conventional understanding that inlet distortion usually deteriorates compressor stability and emphasizes the particularity of centrifugal compressors.     

跨声速压气机转子叶尖流场旋转不稳定现象的数值研究

对某跨声速压气机转子在不同工作流量下的叶尖非定常流场进行了数值研究.结果显示:大流量状态下,该转子叶尖流场几乎不发生振荡.此时,叶尖流场可以按定常流场进行分析;小流量状态下,叶尖泄漏涡大幅振荡,相邻叶片通道内的叶尖泄漏流之间也存在周期性相互干涉.其结果是在稳定状态时出现由于叶尖泄漏涡的振荡及其周向传播造成的"旋转不稳定"现象."旋转不稳定"流场结构主模态旋涡个数大约为40%的叶片通道个数;其周向尺度占据2~3个栅距.     

湍流转捩工程预报方法研究进展综述

湍流转捩现象对边界层流动的阻力和热交换特性具有严重影响。准确地预测转捩对工程设计意义重大。近年来发展迅速的转捩模型是一种非常适合工程计算的转捩预报方法。本文将转捩模型分成了4个类型,并对每种转捩模型的发展过程加以阐述。在分析和讨论的基础上,总结了目前转捩模型的发展水平,同时也指出尚存的不足之处,为将来构建新的转捩模型以及相关的转捩研究提供建议。     

基于特征值理论的轴流跨声速压气机失稳预测

流动失稳问题是叶轮机械所面临的严峻挑战之一,而旋转失速是轴流压气机及压缩系统中普遍存在的一种典型流动不稳定状态。基于特征值理论发展了一个轴流压气机流动失稳开始点预测模型,应用谱方法和奇异值分解(SVD)算法求解所建立的特征值方程,通过特征频率的虚部判断压缩系统的流动稳定性。并通过一个高速单转子在高低两个转速时的算例,定量分析了流动压缩性对跨声速压气机流动失稳开始点预测的重要影响。该模型可在合理的精度范围内,以工程应用可接受的计算资源消耗来预测跨声速单级压气机旋转失速的开始点流量,同时不应用大量经验数据,为压气机设计阶段的稳定性评估提供指导。     

跨声速压气机叶尖开槽射流扩稳策略探究

为了提高跨声速轴流压气机的稳定工作范围,提出一种叶尖开槽射流的扩稳策略,设计7种开槽方案,并通过数值模拟分析其效果及扩稳机理。计算结果表明,针对叶尖通道堵塞设计的开槽射流方案取得了较好的效果,压气机稳定工作裕度实现了2.33%~4.53%的提高,但峰值效率降低0.26%~1.24%;在合理的范围内,槽道的宽度越宽、深度越深、出口位置在近失速工况的分离点前和出口射流角度25°左右时扩稳效果最好,但性能损失与扩稳效果负相关;开槽射流实现扩稳的原因是:槽道入口对压力面前缘低速流团的抽吸作用、出口射流对吸力面尾缘分离的吹除作用以及减小叶尖间隙内的泄漏。     

燃气轮机刷丝与平衡盘碰摩的振动故障诊断

针对某型航改燃气轮机压气机机匣振动超限故障,通过时频和振动幅值趋势分析,结合分解检查结果进行了试验验证,发现平衡盘端面与刷环刷丝之间发生碰摩为根本原因,碰摩形式与传统涡轮叶尖与外环块之间的碰摩形式截然不同。通过定性分析发现,激振力主要通过低压涡轮输出轴传递,且因受№1支点的"杠杆"作用,对振动响应进行了放大;碰摩产生的激振力大小主要与引气量和二者间隙相关,刷环刷丝的表面刚性是随引气量变化的变刚度过程,分析了在燃气轮机动力涡轮转速稳定后,压气机动力涡轮基频幅值随燃气发生器转速提高而继续增大的原因,最后得到力学模型和运动方程。     

不同密度梯度的多层流体界面上的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性研究

在气-液界面Richtmyer-Meshkov（R-M）不稳定性研究的基础上,利用不同流体间密度的差异,构造了空气-硅油-水、空气-酒精-硅油两种流体粘度方向迥异的气-液-液三相界面,实验中以氮气作为高压驱动气体,在不同激波马赫数下对这两种界面R-M不稳定性后期尖钉与气泡区发展进行了测量与统计,通过对实验数据的分析,得出了相关规律,并用这些规律与已有的单层气-液界面R-M不稳定性研究成果作比较,得出了异同点。同时,还研究了两种三相界面在R-M不稳定发展中的差异。实验结果表明：当流体的粘度梯度方向（从小到大的方向）与激波方向一致时,界面失稳更加明显,湍流混合更为显著。     

环形燃烧室壁温对热声不稳定性影响的实验研究

为了研究壁温效应对热声振荡的影响,本文基于环形燃烧室/涡轮耦合实验平台,在当量比Φ=0.82和燃烧功率P=15.5 kW的工况参数下开展了实验研究。相比于独立环形燃烧室实验,本文所引入的涡轮导叶出口组件,使得燃烧室跟发动机实际工况出口匹配情况更接近,具有更一致的热声环境和热容效应。实验发现,在壁温升高过程中伴随着不同类型热声不稳定模式间的切换以及振荡频率、幅值等参数的演变。进一步选取了6个典型状态点,结合基于火焰图像序列的动态模态分解,对比光电倍增管信号和不同方位角的声压信号,分析了各个状态点的火焰动力学和声学响应特征。实验结果表明,在固定功率和当量比工况下,受燃烧室壁面热平衡状态的影响,热声不稳定模式先后经历了由亥姆霍兹模式、1/4波纵向模式、周向混合模式和旋转模式所主导的过程。在出现周向模式的初期,其表现为旋转率呈现肥尾分布的驻波旋-转混合模式,而后期演变为旋转率的分布相对集中的逆时针方向旋转模式。     

高超声速边界层流动稳定性实验研究

高超声速条件下边界层转捩相关研究是近年来空气动力学领域的研究热点。通过采用基于纳米粒子示踪平面激光散射(Nano-tracer-based planar laser scattering,NPLS)技术以及温敏漆等测试技术,对高超声速边界层的流动稳定性开展了实验研究。通过NPLS技术,对圆锥边界层中第二模态波精细结构进行了测量,并基于时间相关的测量结果,对第二模态波的波长和频率进行了分析。针对裙锥边界层NPLS结果,计算了特定位置上功率谱空间分布结果,测量得到了高次谐波成分。通过温敏漆和NPLS结果,发现主导三角翼前缘边界层转捩的模态为行进横流模态,分析了该模态的特性,并且与Kulite传感器测量得到的频率进行比较。     

Improved local amplification factor transport equation for stationary crossflow instability in subsonic and transonic flows

Transition prediction is a hot research topic of fluid mechanics. For subsonic and transonic aerodynamic flows, e^N method based on Linear Stability Theory (LST) is usually adopted reliably to predict transition. In 2013, Coder and Maughmer established a transport equation for Tollmien-Schlichting (T-S) instability so that the e^N method can be applied to general Reynolds-Average-Navier-Stokes (RANS) solvers conveniently. However, this equation focuses on T-S instability, and is invalid for crossflow instability induced transition which plays a crucial role in flow instability of three-dimensional boundary layers. Subsequently, a transport equation for crossflow instability was developed in 2016, which is restricted to wing-like geometries. Then, in 2019, this model was extended to arbitrarily shaped geometries based on local variables. However, there are too many tedious functions and parameters in this version, and it can only be used for incompressible flows. Hence, in this paper, after a large amount of LST analyses and parameter optimization, an improved version for subsonic and transonic boundary layers is built. The present improved model is more robust and more concise, and it can be applied widely in aeronautical flows, which has great engineering application value and significance. An extensive validation study for this improved transition model will be performed.