真空热试验中卫星水平度测量系统的设计与仿真

真空热试验是卫星研制过程中必须进行的大型地面模拟试验之一。在真空热试验的准备阶段和试验阶段都必须采集卫星南北板倾斜角度,密切关注卫星姿态,以判断热管是否处于正常工作状态。文章基于AT89C52单片机、TSD-232水平敏感器和C语言设计出一套卫星水平度测量系统,并对其在Keil u Vision3和Proteus联合平台下进行了仿真分析。结果表明:该系统结构简单,程序设计方便,为卫星水平度的实时监测提供了保障。     

航天器真空热试验用加热板的数值仿真

文章针对加热板在航天器热试验中的传热特点,利用Thermal Desktop软件建立了加热板和空间模拟器热沉的热数学模型,分析了电热丝数量、加热板材料和液氮管路布置方式对加热板升、降温时间和温度分布的影响;建立了模拟星、加热板和热沉的热模型,分析了加热板和星表间距对模拟星表面温度的影响。根据分析研究结果,提出了加热板设计及其在航天器热试验中的应用方法建议。     

弹流润滑螺旋锥齿轮热摩擦行为分析

针对直升机主减速器中的高速重载螺旋锥齿轮,建立了点接触热弹流润滑分析数学模型,包括Reynolds方程、能量方程和膜厚方程等,采用数值方法求解弹流润滑状态下的齿面摩擦因数.模型中考虑了润滑油黏度和密度随压力、温度的变化,并通过轮齿承载接触分析(LTCA)获得齿面真实载荷和卷吸速度、相对滑动速度等运动学变量.基于真实齿面点建立了螺旋锥齿轮单齿模型,考虑滑动摩擦生热和不同表面上的热边界条件,通过有限元稳态热分析和瞬态热分析得到了轮齿本体温度场和接触点瞬时闪温,并与现有文献和算例齿轮台架试验结果进行对比.      

Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.      

激光冲击强化提高压气机叶片疲劳性能研究

根据1Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢材料性能,确定了激光冲击强化参数;并通过标准试片疲劳试验,验证了该参数条件下激光冲击强化提高不锈钢材料振动疲劳寿命的有效性.设计了不锈钢叶片振动疲劳试验,确定了叶片冲击强化部位和方式,对强化叶片进行了型面检查、一阶弯曲振动疲劳试验和强化机理研究.结果表明:激光冲击强化后的叶片各个截面尺寸在设计范围之内,强化后叶片的应力-循环次数(S-N)曲线往上移动,提高了叶片的疲劳强度,在660MPa应力水平下,叶片的振动中值疲劳寿命提高70%;激光冲击强化引起的残余应力和表层微观组织变化是疲劳强度提高的主要原因.      

发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统主动冷却效率研究

发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统是一种新型概念,将发汗冷却方法应用于金属热防护系统中,用于提高金属热防护系统的热载荷承载能力,是解决临近空间高超声速飞行器防热问题的有效方法。设计并建立了发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统的实验模型,分析了发汗式主动冷却金属热防护系统的基本冷却原理,测量了同一实验模型分别在有无发汗冷却作用下,沿厚度方向不同位置测量点的温度响应。结果表明：在相同的加热条件,采用发汗冷却方法,可以使受热蒙皮材料达到相同温度的时间明显滞后;在发汗冷却作用的过程中,内部隔热层的温度不会超过水的沸点温度;采用发汗冷却方法,可以使同一结构热载荷承载能力至少提高70%;通过合理的结构设计,可以减少受热蒙皮由于热膨胀而引起的结构变形。
     

卫星热平衡试验的温度预测与仿真模型

为了解决卫星热平衡试验中涉及的温度预测与变工况仿真试验问题,建立起星载仪器温度变化的双层集总参数模型,这一动态特性模型采用简单的嵌套结构,模型参数可以方便地运用系统辨识算法从卫星热平衡试验数据中获取,应用这一模型可以对不同星载仪器的温度变化进行分别的预测与仿真计算,从而大大减少了温度预测与仿真工作的计算量.对比研究表明:温度预测与仿真计算的结果与实际热平衡试验的结果一致.     

叶片振动应力的叶根振动监测法及实现技术

提出一种航空螺旋桨叶片振动应力监测方法—叶根振动监测法,通过监测螺旋桨振动来获得叶根振动激励,建立叶片振动计算传递矩阵模型,并由叶根激励振动计算叶片的振动响应和振动应力,进而实现对叶片振动应力的监测.叶根振动可以通过直接测量或由螺旋桨转子支承机匣监测振动换算获得.最后,通过对比桨叶振动应力的计算结果与飞行试验实测结果验证该方法.结果表明,叶根振动监测法简便、易行,可以进一步应用.      

基于场强法的平板法兰角焊缝接头的疲劳寿命估算方法

焊接接头疲劳损伤具有局部性特征.基于应力场强法的基本思想,通过对角焊接接头的场径分析,通过对法兰角焊缝接头应力集中区的弹塑性有限元计算和应力场强数值求解,得到了接头焊趾区局部应力场强.在此基础上,根据光滑试件的S-N曲线,最终得到了法兰角焊缝接头的疲劳寿命的一个估算值.该结果与局部应力应变法相比,疲劳寿命预测精度有较大提高,与试验结果吻合良好.      

Residual Strength of Stiffened LY12CZ Aluminum Alloy Panels with Widespread Fatigue Damage

Experimental and analytical investigations on the residual strength of the stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with widespread fatigue damage （WFD） are conducted. Nine stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with three different types of damage are tested for residual strength. Each specimen is pre-cracked at rivet holes by saw cuts and subjected to a monotonically increasing tensile load until failure is occurred and the failure load is recorded. The stress intensity factors at the tips of the lead crack and the adjacent WFD cracks of the stiffened aluminum alloy panels are calculated by compounding approach and finite element method （FEM） respectively. The residual strength of the stiffened panels with WFD is evaluated by the engineering method with plastic zone linkup criterion and the FEM with apparent fracture toughness criterion respectively. The predicted residual strength agrees well with the experiment results. It indicates that in engineering practice these methods can be used for residual strength evaluation with the acceptable accuracy. It can be seen from this research that WFD can significantly reduce the residual strength and the critical crack length of the stiffened panels with WFD. The effect of WFD crack length on residual strength is also studied.