微分对策理论及其研究现状分析

本文阐述了微分对策在经济和军事领域中的研究和应用,详尽地叙述了微分对策的分类,并采用定量和定性方法对微分对策进行了分析,指出了微分对策的研究难点,对发展趋势作了较为详细的探讨。     

一种新型燃烧室供油系统热防护方案

随着航空发动机燃烧室进口空气温度的不断升高，燃油在供油管路内受热氧化结焦从而引发诸多隐患的情况日益突出。本文针对某型中心分级、多点喷射供油系统，开展了以空气隔热屏结合“油冷”的热防护方案设计研究，并通过数值 模拟分析了热防护效果。研究表明，在典型高温进气工况下，空气隔热屏结构可将燃油管路湿壁温度降低至燃油氧化结焦临界温度以下；在慢车主油路停止供油的情况下，单一的空气隔热措施难以满足热防护设计要求，结合“油冷”方案可达到设计要求。     

新型空气低温跨声速原理性风洞研制

为解决常规风洞雷诺数模拟不足的问题，采用低温风洞已被证明是一条可行的途径。目前世界上几乎所有运转的低温风洞都是采用液氮气化吸热方法来降低和保持试验气体的温度。对于大型低温风洞，这种制冷方案存在着运转费用高昂和环境污染的缺点。为克服上述缺点，俞鸿儒院士提出了一种用空气作试验气体，藉热分离器制冷并回收排气冷量的新型低温风洞的概念。此原理性风洞的研制就是要从其基本原理、设计特点及实验结果等方面来验证和探讨这种新概念的可行性和应用前景。     

Integrity of sulfur concrete subjected to simulated lunar temperature cycles

In view of potential application as a construction material on the lunar surface the mechanical integrity of sulfur concrete was evaluated after being subjected to simulated temperature cycles. Here, small cubes of sulfur concrete were repeatedly cycled between room (20 °C) and liquid nitrogen (−191 °C) temperatures after which they, and non-cycled cubes, were evaluated by compression testing. The compression strength of the non-cycled samples averaged ∼35 MPa (5076 psi) before failing whereas the cycled samples fractured at about 7 MPa (1015 psi). Microscopic examination of the fracture surfaces from the cycled samples showed clear de-bonding of the sulfur from the aggregate whereas it was seen adhering in those non-cycled. Based on a simple analysis it was concluded that the large strength discrepancy between cycled and non-cycled samples is due to differences between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials constituting the concrete.     

温度翘曲应力对机场刚性道面寿命的影响

分析了目前中国民航机场刚性道面的设计过程,指出在设计过程中忽视温度应力的影响不合理。参照公路水泥混凝土路面温度应力计算方法并根据Miner定律研究了温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面影响规律,即温度翘曲疲劳损耗随板厚、地基反应模量的增大而增大,随着混凝土设计强度的增加而降低。然后提出采用设计寿命的影响因子nt/Nt评价温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面设计寿命影响的方法并提供了相应的机场刚性道面板厚度设计流程图。最后提供了一个考虑温度翘曲应力的刚性道面设计实例,为工程应用提供参考。     

运载火箭尾段防热/承载一体化热防护系统设计及性能分析

先进热防护技术是可重复使用运载火箭研制的关键技术之一,具有高结构效率的防热/承载一体化热防护系统是运载火箭极具潜力的备选热防护方案。本文系统地总结了可重复使用运载火箭尾舱段防热和承载两方面的设计要求,设计了一种全复合材料防隔热/承载一体化热防护系统。开展了运载火箭尾段一体化热防护系统设计,进行了代表性单胞结构的高温环境地面试验,揭示了复合材料一体化热防护系统的防隔热机理。同时施加力学和热流载荷,利用有限元方法对运载火箭尾段进行了热力耦合分析,获得了尾段结构的温度场、应变场和应力场。结果表明:在典型载荷工况下一体化热防护系统内壁温度保持在89.2℃以下,内部最大应力不超过9.53 MPa,安全系数达到1.89。     

气动力/热与结构多场耦合试验模型方案初步设计

以多渠道、多机制交叉耦合为热防护结构特点的新一代高超声速飞行器必须采用气动力/热与结构多场耦合计算方法进行研究。目前,国外已建立较完善的耦合分析系统并用于飞行器研制,国内的中国空气动力研究与发展中心(CARDC)也已自主研发了热环境/热响应耦合计算平台(FL-CAPTER)。为验证多场耦合计算平台所用方法的有效性和计算结果的准确性,设计并开展气动力/热与结构耦合的地面试验具有十分重要的意义。本文结合气动力/热与结构多场耦合试验设计需求,以现有材料和设备能力为依托,开展了试验风洞选取、模型尺寸估算、模型材料选择、模型气动设计与模型结构设计工作。初步研究表明,模型支撑结构附近迎风面局部高温热膨胀将有利于模型前体结构产生可观的整体变形量。本文以此设计了带压缩拐角的二级压缩面结构模型,通过短时间不锈钢模型验证试验和计算对比分析初步验证了模型设计的可行性,并以此为基础预测了高温合金模型的试验结果。为下一步开展高温合金长时间风洞试验奠定了技术基础。     

舱段结构热振耦合环境下仿真分析

针对武器装备对环境适应性要求不断提高的现状,以某舱段结构为研究对象,基于高加速应力筛选试验(HASS)条件,研究了结构在温变-振动耦合环境下的失效机理。首先,结合HASS试验剖面,确定了载荷条件,建立有限元模型;其次,采用ANSYS Workbench软件分析得到结构温度场分布及应力响应,确定了结构危险位置,并对其疲劳寿命进行计算分析,为舱段结构的失效分析及HASS试验剖面的合理制定提供依据和指导。     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.     

An equivalent ground thermal test method for single-phase fluid loop space radiator

Thermal vacuum test is widely used for the ground validation of spacecraft thermal control system. However, the conduction and convection can be simulated in normal ground pressure environment completely. By the employment of pumped fluid loops’ thermal control technology on spacecraft, conduction and convection become the main heat transfer behavior between radiator and inside cabin. As long as the heat transfer behavior between radiator and outer space can be equivalently simulated in normal pressure, the thermal vacuum test can be substituted by the normal ground pressure thermal test. In this paper, an equivalent normal pressure thermal test method for the spacecraft single-phase fluid loop radiator is proposed. The heat radiation between radiator and outer space has been equivalently simulated by combination of a group of refrigerators and thermal electrical cooler(TEC) array. By adjusting the heat rejection of each device, the relationship between heat flux and surface temperature of the radiator can be maintained. To verify this method,a validating system has been built up and the experiments have been carried out. The results indicate that the proposed equivalent ground thermal test method can simulate the heat rejection performance of radiator correctly and the temperature error between in-orbit theory value and experiment result of the radiator is less than 0.5 C, except for the equipment startup period. This provides a potential method for the thermal test of space systems especially for extra-large spacecraft which employs single-phase fluid loop radiator as thermal control approach.