绕圆头回转体通气空化流型的实验研究

为了深入了解通气空化流动现象,利用高速全流场显示技术,对绕圆头回转体通气空化流型进行实验研究。结果表明,重力效应和通气量对通气空化的多相流流型起主要作用。定义了弗洛德数和通气率两个无量纲数,将绕圆头回转体通气空化分为5种多相流流型,即透明空泡、透明气弹、透明分层、水气混合以及半透明水气混合。流动参数对流型的影响分为2个阶段,即重力起主要作用阶段和重力效应不明显阶段。在重力起主要作用阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,附着弹体的空泡倾斜程度变小,弹体上表面的断裂空泡转变为贴着弹体壁面的稳定空泡;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大弹体上表面断裂空泡的尺度不断增大。在重力效应不明显阶段,通气率一定时,随着弗洛德数的增大,雷诺数变大,流场的湍流强度增大,空泡尾流区域水气交换的程度加剧;弗洛德数一定时,随着通气率的增大,通气空化数减小,绕弹体的云雾状空泡逐渐转变为透明空泡。最后,进一步分析了重力影响下透明空泡脱落的非定常过程,以及反向射流作用下云雾状空泡交替脱落的非定常过程。     

翼型尾缘低频大功率合成射流的动态载荷特性研究——B：动态气动载荷特性分析

针对NACA0015翼型,设计了适用于风洞研究的尾缘低频大功率合成射流致动器,对翼型尾缘合成射流作用下的非定常气动特性进行了风洞实验研究。研究表明：尾缘合成射流与横流的相互作用能够有效改变作用在翼型上的气动载荷;单侧喷口喷/吸时,喷冲程气动力系数响应幅值约为吸冲程幅值的3倍;双侧喷口同时工作时,升力和力矩系数的幅值并不是单侧喷口单独工作时喷气幅值的简单叠加,而是处于单侧喷气幅值和喷吸幅值和之间;升力和力矩响应的幅值与喷流动量系数的平方根之间存在近似的线性关系;在动量系数不变时,升力和力矩系数响应的幅值会随减缩频率的增加而减小;给定合成射流器行程,升力和力矩响应幅值与合成射流频率之间近似呈线性关系。     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.     

基于试验的电动舵机模型辨识

目前电动舵机模型的建立基本上是基于理论的数学推导,所建立的舵机模型与实际舵机模型存在一定的误差。针对此问题,提出一种基于试验实测数据建立舵机模型的方法,搭建自动数据采集试验平台,采用组合窗法对实测数据进行频域转换,得到舵机的频率响应函数并采用非线性最小二乘法辨识舵机模型。对辨识得到的数学仿真结果与实际舵机响应比较,在频域,整个频段内幅频特性最大绝对误差1.9 dB;在时域,仿真模型跟踪实际舵机角度的最大误差1.5°,延迟时间10 ms。结果表明,基于试验数据建立的舵机仿真模型能很好地模拟实际舵机。     

自由射流中飞机进气道前方亚声速流场数值仿真研究

为了预测航空发动机高空模拟自由射流试验中飞机进气道-发动机组合体前方的亚声速流场特性,优化试验舱的气动设计,采用 CFD 方法在亚声速自由射流和真实大气飞行条件下对某战斗机进气道的外流场进行数值模拟。分析了进气道对前方气流压缩作用与飞行马赫数关系,对比和分析了分别在自由射流与真实大气中进气道前和进气道入口处的马赫数分布,确定了3种马赫数下进气道在自由射流中的最佳安装位置。比较发现,亚声速自由射流对真实高空大气飞行进行模拟,可以得到马赫数相似的流场。     

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

ANALYSIS OF AN ELECTROSTRICTIVE STACK ACTUATOR FOR ACTIVE TRAILING EDGE FLAPS

Helicopter is a complex dynamic system withmany rotating components. The rotor blades oper-ate in a highly complex aerodynamic environment.The vibratory hub load,which is caused by cyclicvariation ofcentrifugaland aerodynamic load of therotating bladesin flight,is transmitted to the fuse-lage,resulting in serious vibration and noise of thestructure. It is one of the most important excitingsources in helicopters.There has long been a desire to reduce heli-copter vibration and to improve its per…     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FLOW FIELDS IN THE VICINITY OF A FILM COOLING HOLE EXIT

Sofar,filmcoolingisextensivelyadoptedforprotectinghightemperaturepartsingasturbine.Manyresearchworksarefocusedonflow[1~3Jandheattransfer[4'5jinthedownstreamofthecircularhole,buttheflowcharacteristicsattheholeexit,especiallyforflaredholeexit,arenotreportedatpresent.Inordertodesignasuitab1eholeshapeforpracticalcoolingandprovideplentyexperimentaldataforverificationofcomputercodes,adetai1edexperimentalin-vestigationabout3-Dflowfieldsattheexitofasinglecircularandfan-shapedholehasbeencompleted.1Exp…     

液相先驱体转化法制备ZrC粉末及合成机理

以氯氧化锆、丙醇、丙三醇和乙酰丙酮等为基本原料合成了锆的有机先驱体溶液,采用液相先驱体转化法在1 500℃制备了ZrC粉末。运用FTIR对锆的先驱体溶液的组成、结构以及形成机理进行了分析,用XRD和EDS分析了粉末的形成机理,用SEM观察了粉末的形貌。结果表明,有机锆的先驱体溶液具有螯和的链状或网状结构;先驱体溶液干燥后的粉末呈蜂窝状结构,在不同热处理温度下获得面心立方的ZrC粉末。经过热力学计算结果表明,C还原锆的氧化物开始生成ZrC的最低温度为1594℃,实验温度低于理论温度,在1500℃时获得面心立方的ZrC材料。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。