轮腿式火星探测机器人的多目标协同控制

火星探测任务要求机器人具有对未知的不规则地形的自适应能力和动态稳定性。针对轮腿式火星探测机器人,提出了基于运动学反解模型、车体姿态和轮壤接触力的多目标协同控制策略。通过车体姿态调整运动学建模、一阶低通滤波及腿部阻抗控制算法和基于腿部运动危险系数的重心高度调整算法,实现了车体姿态的跟踪控制、轮壤恒力接触控制和重心最优高度控制,提升了轮腿机器人在非结构地形中的自适应能力、运动稳定性及腿部运动空间的安全性。在MATLAB和UG中建立联合仿真模型,验证了控制策略的有效性。     

Exact analytic solution for the spin-up maneuver of an axially symmetric spacecraft

The problem of spinning-up an axially symmetric spacecraft subjected to an external torque constant in magnitude and parallel to the symmetry axis is considered. The existing exact analytic solution for an axially symmetric body is applied for the first time to this problem. The proposed solution is valid for any initial conditions of attitude and angular velocity and for any length of time and rotation amplitude. Furthermore, the proposed solution can be numerically evaluated up to any desired level of accuracy. Numerical experiments and comparison with an existing approximated solution and with the integration of the equations of motion are reported in the paper. Finally, a new approximated solution obtained from the exact one is introduced in this paper.     

Fast Numerical Solution to Forward Kinematics of General Stewart Mechanism Using Quaternion

The forward kinematics of the general Stewart mechanism is studied and a fast numerical method is presented.Quaternion is utilized to model the forward kinematics and the equations are merely a system of quadratic ones.The numerical method is a nice simplification of the Newton-Raphson method when applied to this system.A simulation of the movement control of the Stewart mechanism is accomplished,confirming the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in real-time conditions.     

基于螺旋理论模块化机器人运动学分析与仿真

基于螺旋理论对模块化机器人的速度级和位移增量级运动学关系进行了分析,开发了模块化冗余度机器人的逆运动学控制算法.针对模块化机器人可能具有任意自由度和任意构型、可以经常快速安装和拆卸、易于可重构且由系列化、标准化部件组合的特性,开发了具有自动建模功能的模块化机器人仿真系统.该仿真系统由模块构造器、机器人建造器、图形示教和运动规划仿真器等分系统组成.通过一个7-DOF模块化串联机器人抓放工件的演示实例验证了所提算法和仿真系统的实用性.     

固体火箭发动机磁悬浮试验架系统动态性能分析

在磁悬浮系统数学模型的基础上,将磁悬浮试验架对发动机的悬浮支承等效为质量一弹簧．阻尼系统。计算了磁悬浮试验架的刚度、阻尼及固有频率,计算结果得到了试验的验证。表明除系统机械设计参数外,控制方式及控制器参数是影响系统动态特性的关键因素,并通过仿真说明了控制器参数对系统动态性能的影响。为设计适合发动机试验的磁悬浮系统提供参考。     

基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统

针对行人导航定位问题,研究了基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统实现的关键技术。首先基于人体运动学原理构建了零速检测模型,使用最优综合判断条件有效检测出对应的零速时刻,实时进行速度和姿态的更新修正。在检测到零速时刻时,将速度误差、位置误差作为观测量,经Kalman滤波估计惯导系统误差并进行反馈校正,抑制惯导系统的误差,提高导航定位精度。研制了集信息采集、数据传输、导航解算与监控显示于一体的可穿戴式行人导航系统,可对行人的运动状态进行实时监控。所设计的基于人体运动学辅助的可穿戴式行人导航系统,平均定位误差小于行走距离的1.1%,最大不超过1.7%,验证了本系统的可靠性和适用性。     

鸬鹚起飞阶段的脚蹼力学建模及运动学计算

鸬鹚在水面起飞的过程中,进行周期性扑翼运动的同时,其脚蹼也不断进行周期性拍水运动。为探究脚蹼周期性拍击水面对鸬鹚水面起飞的贡献以及定量计算每个拍水周期中脚蹼力的大小,探讨了鸬鹚起飞过程中后肢力量的贡献以及需要腿部力量辅助的原因;同时,比较自然界生物在水面行走或奔跑方式的异同,从而研究鸬鹚等水栖鸟类在水面上连续拍水的机理。通过蛇怪蜥蜴和鸬鹚脚蹼水上运动模式和机理的对比,类比研究脚蹼对水面冲击而产生支持身体冲量的大小与脚蹼在拍水时与水接触变化的过程;定义鸬鹚腿部自由度,建立鸬鹚起飞过程脚蹼周期性拍水运动的运动学模型,分析腿部关节角度与脚蹼中心坐标的D-H矩阵,并研究关节角速度与脚蹼中心速度的雅可比矩阵,通过现有的视频分析验证模型可靠性,并对鸬鹚脚掌运动以及水平、竖直方向的运动做了基本计算。      

磁悬浮飞轮位移传感器谐波扰动的主动抑制

针对磁悬浮飞轮转子位移传感器谐波噪声引起的多频扰动问题,提出了一种基于级联相移陷波器的全转速自适应控制方法。首先根据多频扰动特性,构造分级的自适应相移陷波器,每级陷波器对应一个陷波频率;然后,将陷波器级联,分别设置相角补偿矩阵解决闭环控制回路在全转速范围内的稳定性问题。最后,以五自由度磁悬浮飞轮为实验对象进行实验验证,实验结果表明,所提出算法能够在全转速范围内有效地抑制谐波扰动。     

基于节段模型试验的悬索桥涡振性能优化研究

针对扁平钢箱梁这一常用的主梁断面形式,为研究其涡激振动性能,并提出有效的涡振抑制措施,以某大跨度钢箱梁悬索桥为工程背景,采用缩尺比为1/50的节段模型进行风洞试验。基于均匀来流风洞试验条件,重点分析研究了风迎角、结构阻尼比和导流板等因素对主梁涡振性能的影响,提出了优化主梁涡振的有效气动措施。研究表明,风迎角的变化会使涡振锁定风速和振幅均产生变化;阻尼比的提高对主梁扭转涡振的抑制比较明显,对竖向涡振的抑制不明显;在主梁风嘴短而钝的情况下,在检修轨道位置安装导流板对主梁涡振的抑制效果不明显,而紧贴风嘴的宽导流板能有效地抑制主梁涡振,且结构形式简单,便于工程应用。     

Aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics

Natural flyers have extraordinary flight skills and their prominent aerodynamic performance has attracted a lot of attention. However, the aerodynamic mechanism of birds' flapping wing kinematics still lacks in-depth understanding. In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of owl-like airfoil undergoing bio-inspired flapping kinematics extracted from a free-flying owl wing has been numerically investigated. The overset mesh technique is used to deal with the large range movements of flapping airfoils. The bio-inspired kinematics consist of plunging and pitching movement. A pure sinusoidal motion and a defined motion composed of plunging of sinusoidal motion and pitching of the bio-inspired kinematics are selected for comparison. The other two NACA airfoils are also selected to figure out the advantages of the owl-like airfoil. It is found that the cambered owl-like airfoil can enhance lift during the downstroke. The bio-inspired kinematics have an obvious advantage in lift generation with a presence of higher peak lift and positive lift over a wider proportion of the flapping cycle. Meanwhile, the bio-inspired motion is more economical for a lower power consumption compared with the sinusoidal motion. The sinusoidal flapping motion is better for thrust generation for a higher peak thrust value in both upstroke and downstroke, while the bio-inspired kinematics mainly generate thrust during the downstroke but produce more drag during the upstroke. The defined motion has similar lift performance with the bio-inspired kinematics, while it consumes more energy and generates less thrust. The unsteady flow field around airfoils is also analyzed to explain the corresponding phenomenon. The research in this paper is helpful to understand the flight mechanism of birds and to design a micro air vehicle with higher performance.