Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

航空高强度碳纤维单向层合结构复合材料在切削过程中的各向异性行为研究

单向层合结构的高强度碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料已逐渐发展成为航空承力结构件的主要材料,相关的切削加工需求也越来越多。由于显著的各向异性,单向层合结构的碳纤维复合材料易在切削加工中形成缺陷,难切削加工性明显。采用直角自由切削试验的方法,得到了T700航空高强度碳纤维单向层合结构复合材料在不同纤维方向角下的切削力、切削比能、切削温度、切削加工表面。基于试验结果讨论了碳纤维单向层合材料在切削过程中力热行为的各向异性,得到了不同切削参数条件下的切削比能图谱以及碳纤维复合材料的切削热源和传导模型。通过扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析了典型切削加工表面的特征,得到了不同纤维方向下的表面形成规律。     

弱撞击对接机构捕获过程的传力性能分析

弱撞击对接机构(Low impact docking mechanism,LIDM)的力雅可比矩阵包含了驱动臂与负载传感环力和力矩的传递关系信息。然而,力和力矩具有不同的量纲,将雅可比矩阵分解为两个分别与力和力矩传递相关的子矩阵,在两个子矩阵的基础上,分别推导出力和力矩传递关系的数学模型,并通过计算工作空间内力和力矩传递能力的分布规律,研究LIDM力和力矩的传递性能。分析结果表明,对接机构的结构构型确定后,力和力矩传递性能呈椭球体分布,并随负载传感环沿不同路径移动,呈现不同的规律。研究结果对以LIDM为代表的空间对接机构的结构性能评价及优化具有重要的工程意义。     

Dynamics and control of spacecraft hovering using the geomagnetic Lorentz force

To achieve hovering, a spacecraft thrusts continuously to induce an equilibrium state at a desired position. Due to the constraints on the quantity of propellant onboard, long-time hovering around low-Earth orbits (LEO) is hardly achievable using traditional chemical propulsion. The Lorentz force, acting on an electrostatically charged spacecraft as it moves through a planetary magnetic field, provides a new propellantless method for orbital maneuvers. This paper investigates the feasibility of using the induced Lorentz force as an auxiliary means of propulsion for spacecraft hovering. Assuming that the Earth’s magnetic field is a dipole that rotates with the Earth, a dynamical model that characterizes the relative motion of Lorentz spacecraft is derived to analyze the required open-loop control acceleration for hovering. Based on this dynamical model, we first present the hovering configurations that could achieve propellantless hovering and the corresponding required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft. For other configurations, optimal open-loop control laws that minimize the control energy consumption are designed. Likewise, the optimal trajectories of required specific charge and control acceleration are both presented. The effect of orbital inclination on the expenditure of control energy is also analyzed. Further, we also develop a closed-loop control approach for propellantless hovering. Numerical results prove the validity of proposed control methods for hovering and show that hovering around low-Earth orbits would be achievable if the required specific charge of a Lorentz spacecraft becomes feasible in the future. Typically, hovering radially several kilometers above a target in LEO requires specific charges on the order of 0.1 C/kg.     

同心筒式发射装置附加弹射力影响因素分析

采用同心筒式发射装置发射导弹时,弹底会受到附加弹射力的作用,其值主要取决于排气狭缝宽度、增力装置、导流锥等因素.利用动量方程积分形式推导出附加弹射力的理论公式,分析各种因素对附加弹射力的影响,并利用数值模拟技术进行验证.结果表明:筒底所承受冲击力与弹底所受的附加弹射力呈正相关;减小内外筒间缝隙可提高弹底所受的附加弹射力;加导流锥能降低筒底所受的冲击力.导流锥母线越光滑,筒底所受到的冲击力就越小;增加导流锥后,燃气流动达到稳定状态的时间与无导流锥时所需的时间近似于相等.      

壁面吊挂清洗机器人碰壁缓冲问题研究

从机器人自动上壁及缓冲的需求出发,分析了机器人拉力形成的机理、碰壁的原因和过程.利用空气动力学原理,给出了拉力的计算方法,采用机器人物理样机进行实验,对计算结果进行了验证.在拉力的作用下机器人与壁面贴合,同时伴随碰撞,其间冲击能量的吸收由机器人裙边和支撑机构所构成的缓冲装置承担.前者还要保证机器人贴壁后的密封,因此刚度不宜过大,后者还要保证机器人在壁面上稳定行走,因此它的刚度又不宜过小.给出了缓冲装置刚度的确定方法及其在裙边和支撑机构上的分配准则,可用于工程分析.     

轴向通流旋转盘腔内流动不稳定性研究

为了研究旋转腔内流动不稳定性问题,采用旋转坐标系稳态方程,用数值模拟的方法分析了轴向通流旋转盘腔内的流动,得到了旋转系下哥氏力和离心浮升力分别对流动不稳定的作用,以及这两个力的非线性综合作用对流动不稳定的影响.结果表明:哥氏力是恢复力,不影响流动稳定性;离心浮升力是造成流动不稳定的主要因素,盘腔内的流动是离心力场下的Rayleigh-Benard对流和强迫对流的混合流,随着浮升力的增强流动由稳态发展为非稳态;哥氏力与离心浮升力的综合作用加剧了流动不稳定性,盘腔内r-θ面出现了明显的旋向相反的对涡.     

槽道壁湍流的展向振荡电磁力减阻控制的PIV研究

壁湍流主要表现为条带和流向涡为主要特征的拟序结构和间歇性的湍流猝发事件,这些都会导致壁面阻力的增加,因此,为了实现减阻.需控制或消除壁面附近的流向涡进而抑制湍流的猝发.在该研究中,利用展向振荡电磁力对槽道湍流的近壁流向涡进行控制,以达到减阻的目的;并利用PIV测试系统对其进行了实验研究,讨论了这种电磁力的减阻效果及其减阻机理.结果表明:展向振荡电磁力具有减小壁面阻力的功能,其减阻机理为展向振荡的电磁力可以使条带倾斜,在流场中产生附加的负展向涡,导致近壁区域平均流向速度梯度的减小,因此,壁面阻力减小.     

非共面近距耦合鸭式布局鸭翼展向脉冲吹气增升特性

对40.前缘后掠角的主翼和40.前缘后掠角的鸭翼所构成的近距耦合鸭式布局简化模型进行了风洞测力、测压实验,系统研究了鸭翼展向脉冲吹气的增升效果,给出脉冲吹气频率以及脉冲宽度与布局升力之间的变化关系.测力结果表明,鸭翼展向吹气提高了该布局在大迎角时的升力,延迟了失速.测压结果表明,鸭翼展向脉冲吹气改善了中大迎角时主翼翼面流态,增加了翼面吸力峰值,延缓了涡的破裂.这说明利用鸭翼展向脉冲吹气涡控技术,可以直接改善鸭翼流场,继而间接改善主翼流场.