飞行仿真中雷达地形数据库构建关键技术

雷达图像仿真是飞行仿真的重要组成部分,而雷达地形数据库为雷达图像仿真提供基本的数据支持。为构建满足仿真精度与实时性要求的雷达地形数据库,对相关关键技术进行了研究。在分析雷达图像仿真原理的基础上,研究了雷达地形数据库在分布式飞行仿真系统中的应用方式和组成形式。根据所用数据源的不同,对雷达地形建模技术进行了分类,并分析了不同建模方法的优缺点。比较了网格式与多边形式2种数据存储与调度技术的特点和适用性,指出多分辨率表示技术雷达地形建模中的重要性,给出了一种材质数据多分辨率映射的基于材质最大出现概率的子取样方法。对机载雷达实波束地形测绘成像进行了仿真。     

航空装备关键件微动疲劳寿命预测

通过微动疲劳损伤机理分析,以微动疲劳接触应力计算入手,建立了航空装备关键件中一种较为普遍的圆柱/平面接触微动疲劳结构的有限元全局模型和子模型,通过边界条件误差和离散误差分析,提高了计算精度和计算效率。以断裂力学为基础,根据复合型裂纹断裂判据,用改进的裂纹闭合积分法计算了裂纹尖端应力强度因子,引入应力强度因子影响系数,建立了微动疲劳裂纹扩展寿命预测模型,确定了模型中的参数,通过预测寿命与试验值的对比验证了该模型的正确、有效性。     

基于损伤力学预估点蚀疲劳寿命有限元法

飞机使用环境谱的不断变化会对机体结构造成腐蚀损伤,工程上难以在外场环境下进行实时损伤检测与疲劳性能试验。点蚀作为腐蚀的初始阶段,危害性大,部位也难以预测。采用损伤力学和有限元相结合的方法,以材料疲劳S-N数据为基础,将点蚀损伤认为是一种初始缺陷,建立基于损伤力学假设的点蚀损伤疲劳寿命预估方法,并提出一种改进型损伤参数反演方法。对点蚀疲劳失效过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合,证明该方法应用于金属材料点蚀疲劳问题中是合理的、可行的,为后续实际预腐蚀损伤疲劳研究奠定了基础。     

Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.     

航空发动机材料寿命问题探讨

归纳了航空发动机材料的变形损伤机理,强调了变形物理机制模型在部件设计和全寿命预测管理方面的应用     

Assessing the feasibility of involving gaseous products resulting from physicochemical oxidation of human liquid and solid wastes in the cycling of a bio-technical life support system

The study addresses the possible ways of involving gaseous products produced by “wet” incineration of human wastes mixed with H₂O₂ in an alternating electric field in the cycling of the physical model of a bio-technical life support system (BTLSS). The resulting gas mixture contains CO₂ and O₂, which are easily involved in the cycling in the closed ecosystem, and NH₃, which is unacceptable in the atmosphere of the BTLSS. NH₃ fixation has been proposed, which is followed by nitrification and involvement of the resulting products in the mass exchange of the closed system. Experiments have been performed to show that plants can be grown in the atmosphere resulting from the closing of the gas loop that includes a physicochemical installation and a growth chamber with plants representing the phototrophic compartment of the BTLSS. The results of the study suggest the conclusion that the proposed method of organic waste oxidation can be a useful tool in creating a physical model of a closed-loop integrated BTLSS.     

波形记录仪触发延迟线性的实验研究

提出了使用正弦波激励评价触发延迟线性度和触发抖动的新方法，通过一个波形在有触发延迟和无触发延迟时，采集序列间的相位差对应的时间差来最终判定触发延迟结果。用该方法实现的触发延迟线性度测量方法，将触发延迟直接溯源到激励信号的频率量上，无需额外的精密延时器等装置，减少了测量环节，并且可以实现任意延迟的精确测量。以不同频率、不同触发延迟、不同采集速率下的实验结果的对比给出了触发延迟线性校准的结论性意见，同时验证了所述方法的有效性和切实可行性。     

Increased BLSS closure using mineralized human waste in plant cultivation on a neutral substrate

The purpose of this work was to study the full-scale potential use of human mineralized waste (feces and urine) as a source of mineral elements for plant cultivation in a biological life support system (BLSS). Plants that are potential candidates for a photosynthesizing link were grown on a neutral solution containing human mineralized waste. Spring wheat Triticum aestivum L., peas Pisum sativum L. Ambrosia cultivar and leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa L., Vitaminny variety, were used. The plants were grown hydroponically on expanded clay aggregates in a vegetation chamber in constant environmental conditions. During plant growth, a determined amount of human mineralized waste was added daily to the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution remained unchanged throughout the vegetation period. Estimated plant requirements for macro-elements were based on a total biological productivity of 0.04 kg day⁻¹ m⁻². As the plant requirements for potassium exceeded the potassium content of human waste, a water extract of wheat straw containing the required amount of potassium was added to the nutrient solution. The Knop’s solution was used in the control experiments.     

人生与价值:中国现代惟科学主义文化哲学的迷失

科学进入中国人的深层生活后,中国现代知识界对于科学渐渐形成了两种对立的观念,即所称的“科学派”与“玄学派”,两派的论战已是学术史上的公案,其对阵的实质可能主要在于两派关于科学的社会批判价值的异趣。惟科学主义要求政治、经济、法律、道德、生活等社会各个方面都要经过科学的批判或改造,从而在“科学的大字标题”下建立一种新文化,然而,惟科学主义却在这种努力与论战中消失了踪影。     

固体推进剂使用寿命快速预测探索研究

研究了活化能法快速预测推进剂使用寿命，结果表明，点斜法与常规加速老化方法结果基本一致，两点法（７０℃、５０℃）预测结果最接近。提出用动态法求活化能用于点斜法进行快速寿命预测。