A methodology for simulating 2D shock-induced dynamic stall at flight test-based fluctuating freestream

A comprehensive methodology for simulating 2 D dynamic stall at fluctuating freestream is proposed in this paper.2 D CFD simulation of a SC1095 airfoil exposed to a fluctuating freestream of Mach number 0.537 ± 0.205 and Reynolds number 6.1 × 10~6(based on the mean Mach number) and undergoing a 10° ± 10° pitch oscillation with a frequency of 4.25 Hz was conducted.These conditions were selected to be representative of the flow experienced by a helicopter rotor airfoil section in a real-life fast forward flight.Both constant freestream dynamic stall as well as fluctuating freestream dynamic stall simulations were conducted and compared.The methodology was carefully validated with experimental data for both transonic flow and dynamic stall under fluctuating freestream.Overall, the results suggest that the fluctuating freestream alters the dynamic stall mechanism documented for constant freestream in a major way, emphasizing that inclusion of this effect in the prediction of dynamic stall related rotor loads is imperative for rotor performance analysis and blades design.     

Impact of reduced frequency on the time lag in pressure distribution over a supercritical airfoil in a pitch-pause-return motion

Effects of reduced frequency, stop angle, and pause duration have been studied on a thin supercritical airfoil undergoing a pitch-pause-return motion, which is one of the classic maneuvers introduced by the AIAA Fluid Dynamics Technical Committee. Experiments were conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at both a constant mean angle of attack and an oscillation amplitude with a reduced frequency ranging from 0.01 to 0.12. The desired stop angles of the airfoil were set to occur during the upstroke motion. The unsteady pressure distribution on the airfoil was measured for below, near, and beyond static stall conditions. Results showed that the reduced frequency and stop angle were the dominant contributors to the time lag in the flowfield. For stop angles in both below- and post-stall regions, the time for the flowfield to reach its steady state conditions, known as the time lag, decreased as the reduced frequency was increased. However, in the static-stall region and for a certain value of reduced frequency, a resonance phenomenon was observed, and a minimum time lag was achieved. The pressure distribution in this condition was shown to be highly influenced by this phenomenon.     

Influence of SPS casing treatment on axial flow compressor subjected to radial pressure distortion

The present work is about the stall margin enhancement ability of a kind of stall precursor-suppressed (SPS) casing treatment when fan/compressor suffers from a radial total pres-sure inlet distortion. Experimental researches are conducted on a low-speed compressor with and without SPS casing treatment under radial distorted inlet flow of different levels as well as uniform inlet flow. The distorted flow fields of different levels are generated by annular distortion flow gen-erators of different heights. The characteristic curves under these conditions are measured and ana-lyzed. The results show that the radial inlet distortion could cause a stall margin loss from 2% to 30% under different distorted levels. The SPS casing treatment could remedy this stall margin loss under small distortion level and only partly make up the stall margin loss caused by distortion in large level without leading to perceptible additional efficiency loss and obvious change of charac-teristic curves. The pre-stall behavior of the compressor is investigated to reveal the mechanism of this stall margin improvement ability of the SPS casing treatment. The results do show that this casing treatment delays the occurrence of rotating stall by weakening the pressure perturbations and suppressing the nonlinear amplification of the stall precursor waves in the compression system.     

压气机旋转不稳定性的研究进展

在压气机运行过程中，旋转不稳定是一种常见的流动不稳定现象。研究旋转不稳定性对保障压气机安全高效工作具有重要意义。首先回顾了旋转不稳定性研究的发展历程，从概念特征、产生机制和影响因素等方面进行了介绍。从现有的研究情况来看，旋转不稳定性与叶顶泄漏流有关的动力学模式或者与剪切层不稳定性有关。随后，梳理了旋转不稳定性的若干研究手段；介绍了旋转不稳定性导致的噪声和振动问题，并列举了现有的控制方法；讨论了旋转不稳定性与旋转失速之间的关联。最后，对该领域的研究现状进行了总结，并对发展趋势进行了展望。     

典型贫氧推进剂固体火箭冲压发动机性能

建立了基于热力计算的固体火箭冲压发动机性能计算模型,针对三类典型贫氧推进剂开展了固体火箭冲压发动机性能分析及变化规律研究。研究结果表明：相同高度和来流马赫数下,随着余气系数的增加,进气道裕度增加,推力系数减小,比冲先增加后减小。相同高度和余气系数下,随着来流马赫数的增加,进气道裕度增加,推力系数减小,比冲减小。相同来流马赫数和余气系数下,进气道裕度、推力系数、比冲随高度的变化不明显。空气总温对特征速度及发动机性能有较明显影响,是性能分析时不可忽略的因素。与碳氢贫氧推进剂、铝镁贫氧推进剂相比,含硼贫氧推进剂当量空燃比适中,比冲较高,推进剂密度大,在工程应用上更具优势。     

小型通勤类飞机失速特性的自由飞验证试验研究

在对某小型通勤类公务机进行风洞实验预测时,发现飞机失速后其滚转特性会发生急剧变化。在分析该型飞机风洞实验结果的基础上,采用机翼加装失速条的失速特性方法,通过缩比模型自由飞试验进行飞行验证,分析在巡航构型和着陆构型状态下原始机翼和机翼加装失速条后的试飞结果。结果表明:缩比模型自由飞试验能够验证机翼风洞试验的预测结果,加装失速条的失速特性改进方法可以改善飞机失速特性。     

基于应力强度干涉理论和薄弱环节分析的光子晶体光纤陀螺寿命评估

在空间飞行环境中,航天器承受着各种环境的作用,而每种环境因素都在一定程度上影响着航天器的工作寿命。光子晶体光纤是一种新型光纤,其比传统保偏光纤更耐辐照,是长寿命光纤陀螺(Fiber Optical Gyroscope,FOG)的首选,可以满足长寿命卫星的应用需要。将光纤陀螺特征寿命定义为强度,将热、辐照和振动等环境因素定义为应力,运用应力强度分析理论,采用最坏情况分析方法,分析了在常见应力联合作用下光纤陀螺的薄弱环节,评估了光纤陀螺的在轨工作寿命,验证了光子晶体光纤陀螺在某长寿命通信卫星上的适应性。分析结果表明,热和辐照是影响光子晶体光纤陀螺的重要因素。研究结论可用于有针对性地进行改进设计,为长寿命高可靠卫星提供技术支撑,具有显著意义。     

Influence of blade negative twist on aerodynamic performance of cycloidal propeller

In order to improve the analysis accuracy of the influence of shape parameters on the aerodynamic performance of cycloidal propeller, a set of CFD methods suitable for the simulation of the cycloidal propeller flow field based on the dynamic overset mesh and Unsteady Reynolds time average method equation were established. The characteristics of the spanwise lift distribution and surface pressure distribution in case of different negative twist were provided. The influence of the negative twist on the aerodynamic performance of cycloidal propeller was emphasized. The results showed that, the change of negative twist caused the change of azimuth for cycloidal propeller lift. The larger the absolute value of negative twist, the lower the figure of merit of the cycloidal propeller; the smaller the negative twist, the more gentle the instantaneous aerodynamic fluctuation; the influence mechanism of negative twist on the aerodynamic performance of cycloidal propeller was generated from changing the non-uniform distribution of the cycloidal propeller''s effective angle of     

压气机失速先兆及转子多工况流场的DMD分析

对NASA Rotor 37跨声速轴流压气机级在多工况下的非定常流场进行了流固耦合数值模拟,采用动力学模态分解(DMD)方法得到了流体压力和速度的模态信息并绘制了模态云图,数值判定了压气机各工况的稳定性,获得了流动特征结构,通过模态云图发现了近失速点突尖型失速的初期表现。结果表明:在计算的多种工况中,近失速点和堵塞点均存在不稳定的模态阶次;DMD方法识别的各阶频率与压力信号频谱分析结果的最大误差为063%;随着背压上升,相邻两叶片通道内高压低速流体团位置逐渐向叶片前缘移动,范围逐渐扩展;在近失速点,尾缘回流与主流的掺混在叶片吸力面中部产生了半椭球形的旋涡并造成流道堵塞,是突尖型失速的初期表现。     

基于辅助进气门的进气道/发动机一体化稳定性控制研究

为了实现发动机在大机动飞行时高品质稳定运行,提出了一种基于辅助进气门调节的进气道/发动机一体化稳定性控制方法。基于进气道CFD模型,通过飞行条件和辅助进气门开度计算出口性能参数,考虑总压畸变对风扇特性的影响,建立了进气道实时模型和总压畸变模型,并将其与发动机部件级模型匹配,建立进/发一体化模型。为了直接控制发动机安全裕度,选取发动机部分可测参数作为输入,通过非线性拟合方法建立风扇喘振裕度实时估计模型,相比于直接压比控制可以充分发挥发动机的潜能。进/发一体化控制是通过调节辅助进气门开度,控制进气道出口总压恢复系数,以满足发动机进口截面需求,并基于H∞鲁棒控制实现对发动机的转速和安全裕度的控制。仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以实现发动机在大机动飞行过程中安全稳定工作,推力损失不超过2%。