Conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system containing crops and silkworms

This article summarizes a conceptual design of a bioregenerative life support system for permanent lunar base or planetary exploration. The system consists of seven compartments – higher plants cultivation, animal rearing, human habitation, water recovery, waste treatment, atmosphere management, and storages. Fifteen kinds of crops, such as wheat, rice, soybean, lettuce, and mulberry, were selected as main life support contributors to provide the crew with air, water, and vegetable food. Silkworms fed by crop leaves were designated to produce partial animal nutrition for the crew. Various physical-chemical and biological methods were combined to reclaim wastewater and solid waste. Condensate collected from atmosphere was recycled into potable water through granular activated carbon adsorption, iodine sterilization, and trace element supplementation. All grey water was also purified though multifiltration and ultraviolet sterilization. Plant residue, human excrement, silkworm feces, etc. were decomposed into inorganic substances which were finally absorbed by higher plants. Some meat, ingredients, as well as nitrogen fertilizer were prestored and resupplied periodically. Meanwhile, the same amount and chemical composition of organic waste was dumped to maintain the steady state of the system. A nutritional balanced diet was developed by means of the linear programming method. It could provide 2721 kcal of energy, 375.5 g of carbohydrate, 99.47 g of protein, and 91.19 g of fat per capita per day. Silkworm powder covered 12.54% of total animal protein intakes. The balance of material flows between compartments was described by the system of stoichiometric equations. Basic life support requirements for crews including oxygen, food, potable and hygiene water summed up to 29.68 kg per capita per day. The coefficient of system material closure reached 99.40%.     

Assessing the feasibility of involving gaseous products resulting from physicochemical oxidation of human liquid and solid wastes in the cycling of a bio-technical life support system

The study addresses the possible ways of involving gaseous products produced by “wet” incineration of human wastes mixed with H₂O₂ in an alternating electric field in the cycling of the physical model of a bio-technical life support system (BTLSS). The resulting gas mixture contains CO₂ and O₂, which are easily involved in the cycling in the closed ecosystem, and NH₃, which is unacceptable in the atmosphere of the BTLSS. NH₃ fixation has been proposed, which is followed by nitrification and involvement of the resulting products in the mass exchange of the closed system. Experiments have been performed to show that plants can be grown in the atmosphere resulting from the closing of the gas loop that includes a physicochemical installation and a growth chamber with plants representing the phototrophic compartment of the BTLSS. The results of the study suggest the conclusion that the proposed method of organic waste oxidation can be a useful tool in creating a physical model of a closed-loop integrated BTLSS.     

用于评定火炮火力支援效果的马尔科夫模型

根据炮兵作战理论和实际作战流程，建立了用于评定间瞄武器进行火力支援的作战效能模型。该模型不仅可以比较不同火炮系统的作战效能，还可通过修改模型参数使其能反映不同的作战强度，对炮兵的战术决策有一定的参考意义。     

Increased BLSS closure using mineralized human waste in plant cultivation on a neutral substrate

The purpose of this work was to study the full-scale potential use of human mineralized waste (feces and urine) as a source of mineral elements for plant cultivation in a biological life support system (BLSS). Plants that are potential candidates for a photosynthesizing link were grown on a neutral solution containing human mineralized waste. Spring wheat Triticum aestivum L., peas Pisum sativum L. Ambrosia cultivar and leaf lettuce Lactuca sativa L., Vitaminny variety, were used. The plants were grown hydroponically on expanded clay aggregates in a vegetation chamber in constant environmental conditions. During plant growth, a determined amount of human mineralized waste was added daily to the nutrient solution. The nutrient solution remained unchanged throughout the vegetation period. Estimated plant requirements for macro-elements were based on a total biological productivity of 0.04 kg day⁻¹ m⁻². As the plant requirements for potassium exceeded the potassium content of human waste, a water extract of wheat straw containing the required amount of potassium was added to the nutrient solution. The Knop’s solution was used in the control experiments.     

Winkler弹性地基上自由矩形板问题

在经典薄板理论中，弹性地基上自由矩形板弯曲问题的精确解，长期以来被认为是一个相当困难的课题。根据对矩形板精确解的研究，构造了一个包括三角函数和多项式组成的近似挠度函数。它满足四个自由边上的全部边界条件和自由角点条件，利用伽辽金方法得到Winkler弹性地基上自由边矩形板弯曲、自由振动和稳定问题的解。还给出了数值算例。     

快速拉格朗日差分法在巷道锚杆支护计算中的应用

快速拉格朗日法是一种新型的数值计算方法。本文介绍了快速拉格朗日法的基本原理和分析过程；并将这种方法应用于巷道锚杆支护的计算中，对锚杆支护前后围岩的变形进行了对比。结果表明锚杆在控制围岩垂直方向的变形有明显的作用。     

基于有限元分析的综合支架结构设计与优选

本文在分析海洋平台防爆加热器橇块综合支架结构特点的基础上,通过有限元法对综合支架进行强度能力分析,找到该支架结构设计上存在的问题并作了相应的改进设计,使得综合支架的结构在满足强度和刚度的同时减轻了整体的重量,在材料的利用上趋于优化的设计;通过对综合支架的有限元模型施加不同的惯性力.得出不同载荷下综合支架应力变化规律,从而确定出综合支架所能承受的最大惯性力.     

Algorithmic support of a small-sized navigation system on the basis of the magnetoinertial course transmitter

The algorithmic support of a small-sized navigation system on the basis of the magnetoinertial course transmitter is considered; the support makes it possible to significantly reduce accumulating errors that are due to incomplete data on wind parameters and decrease requirements for random errors of initial data sensors.     

民用飞机航材支援网络选址因素权衡方法研究

民用飞机航材支援网络作为主制造商为客户提供航材的必要媒介,合理地搭建该航材支援网络有利于提高主制造商的服务品质和客户运营能力。基于Kriging 方法,提出一种定性与定量相结合的民用飞机航材支援网络选址因素权衡方法,对选址因素进行梳理和分类,获取选址定量分析数据需求,并运用所提方法进行民用飞机航材支援网络选址因素权衡,...     

动导数支架干扰的试验研究

采用镜像两步法在FL 8风洞中进行了俯仰振荡动导数支架干扰修正实验,实验结果表明:在强迫振荡动导数实验中,支架干扰对动导数实验数据有明显的影响。通过对实验数据进行支架干扰修正,可以进一步提高实验结果的准确性。