克服旋转飞行器螺旋运动的方法研究

旋转飞行器虽然具有内在稳定性，但在飞行过程中一些不确定因素会导致飞行器产生螺旋运动，而非理想的关于角动量矢量纯粹的旋转运动。结合旋转飞行器自身的特点，借鉴自旋卫生的被动章动阻尼的方法，提出了一种通过主动控制飞行器内部质量块的运动使得飞行器碑的惯量主轴发生偏移，惯量矩阵由原来的对称阵变为含有非零非对角元素的矩阵，从而改变飞行器的姿态角运动来克服螺旋运动的方法，这将有助于提高旋转飞行器的资态控制精度。以某型旋转飞行器为背景进行仿真研究，计算结果证实了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

Progress in the Study of Galaxies: Structures,Collective Phenomena and Methods

The review contains the important achievements in dynamics of the galactic disks. Among them there are I. New structures discovered recently: • giant vortices (including giant anticyclone in the Solar vicinity); • slow bar; • inner oscillating structure within spiral arms similar that of enveloped soliton; • chaotic streamlines in the velocity field of the gaseous disk of a real galaxy. II. New collective phenomina discovered recently: • new overreflection instability initiating ‘mini-spiral’ in the innermost central parsec of Galaxy; • large-scale convection caused by nonlinear interaction of density wave with disk gas; • non-kolmogorovian spectrum of weak turbulence corresponding to the observed one in the • Solar vicinity. III. New methods worked out recently: • reconstruction of full three-dimensional vector field of gas velocity from the observed line-of- • sight velocity field; • observational test for verification of the wave-nature of the spiral arms; • observational test to distinguish two types of vertical motions: warp and z-motions in the • density wave; • derivation of correct system of two-dimensional dynamical equations from the initial three- • dimensional one. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

轴对称旋成体流动结构的数值研究

利用N-S方程模拟了旋成体的绕流过程。旋成体流场由不同层次的涡结构组成,包括主涡、二次涡t、ertiary涡、螺旋涡、羊角涡、U型马蹄涡。文中清晰地展示了这些结构,简要分析了各类结构的特性和功能,强调了亚结构和三维结构在流态发展与流场演变中的作用。     

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Model

The PDRE test model used in these experiments utilized kerosene as the fuel, oxygen as oxidizer, and nitrogen as purge gas. The solenoid valves were employed to control intermittent supplies of kerosene, oxygen and purge gas. PDRE test model was 50 mm in inner diameter by 1.2 m long. The DDT （deflagration to detonation transition） enhancement device Shchelkin spiral was used in the test model. The effects of detonation frequency on its time-averaged thrust and specific impulse were experimentally investigated. The obtained results showes that the time-averaged thrust of PDRE test model was approximately proportional to the detonation frequency. For the detonation frequency 20 Hz, the time-averaged thrust was around 107 N, and the specific impulse was around 125 s. The nozzle experiments were conducted using PDRE test model with three traditional nozzles. The experimental results obtained demonstrated that all of those nozzles could augment the thrust and specific impulse. Among those three nozzles, the convergent nozzle had the largest increased augmentation, which was approximately 18%, under the specific condition of the experiment.     

螺旋天线几何尺寸的优化设计

本文首先导出了螺旋天线输入阻抗的计算公式。然后，在使天线输入阻抗满足技术要求的条件下，对螺旋天线的几何尺寸进行了优化设计。     

压力角螺旋角等对弧齿锥齿轮强度的影响

讨论了压力角，螺旋角对弧齿锥齿轮齿面接触强主工，齿根弯曲强度的影响，及齿轮工作齿面为凸面或凹面时齿根弯曲强度的变化，建立了菱形接触的名义接触应力公式并探讨了这类接触区对接触强度的影响。     

飞机盘旋/转弯机动研究

利用飞机体轴系下的质点系动力学平衡方程和航迹轴系下的质点动力学平衡方程,将飞机的操纵性、定常性与机动性相结合,给出了飞机水平盘旋/转弯机动的分析方法。对某型飞机的分析结果表明,该方法在飞机设计中具有较高的使用价值。     

大切深数控电解铣削加工阴极设计及试验研究

难加工材料整体叶轮广泛应用于航空领域,采用传统切削加工存在刀具磨损快、加工效率低等问题。本文针对某型号复杂整体叶轮,提出大切深五轴数控电解铣削预加工方法。通过设计锥形螺旋刃阴极,分析不同旋转角下单、双螺旋刃出口流场分布,得到旋转角720°的单螺旋刃阴极出口压力和流速分布均匀。同时开展大切深数控电解铣削加工试验,结果表明:在选取的工艺参数范围内,加工平衡间隙和进给速度随着加工电压升高而增大;较低的电解液温度有利于实现小间隙加工,可显著提高加工精度;主轴转速达到1 500 r/min后对加工速度影响较小。得到大切深数控电解铣削整体叶轮加工叶片,一次最大切深可达65 mm,余量误差控制在0.5 mm范围之内,提高了整体叶轮加工效率。     

基于目标威胁度计算的相控阵快速确认跟踪模式

机载相控阵雷达在探测远程、低空、高速目标时具有较大潜力。本文对机扫加相扫雷达环境下,如何充分发挥相控阵优势,提高机载雷达跟踪远程低空高速目标性能展开研究,在传统边扫边跟(Track while scan,TWS)技术基础上,给出了一种基于目标威胁度的快速确认跟踪模式。该模式采用有效的相控扫描策略,充分利用其波束捷变能力,通过相控回扫,一方面快速起始航迹,增加高威胁目标的跟踪距离;另一方面适当增加探测数据率,提高对远距高威胁目标的跟踪性能。仿真试验表明,新跟踪方法不但可以较好克服目标雷达散射截面积(Radarcross section,RCS)起伏影响,较快地起始和跟踪目标航迹,而且保留了TWS方法覆盖空域广的优点。     

竖直平板间湍流自然对流中螺旋羽流结构的实验研究

应用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）对竖直平板间水的温差湍流自然对流的流场进行了测量,并由测量所获得的速度场获取了涡量分布和散度分布。测量结果表明,在流场中的竖直展向截面和水平流向截面上都存在大尺度涡流结构,而且在部分涡量集中区域同时具有正的或者负的散度集中,速度矢量分布也表明水平截面上的这部分涡流结构呈现着清晰的源或汇的特征。这些现象都表明这部分旋转着的流体不但有切向速度,还有径向速度。这意味着这部分流体在旋转的同时也有向上或向下的运动,即同时具有在同方向上的涡量和速度,即螺度,而这是螺旋羽流结构的特征。这些涡结构,尤其是水平流向截面上具有径向速度的涡流结构的存在证实了竖直平板之间的湍流自然对流流场中大尺度的螺旋羽流结构的存在。