陀螺仪气室中碱金属原子数密度的检测

碱金属原子作为原子陀螺仪原子源的组成部分，其数密度是计算原子陀螺仪工作指标的重要参数。基于碱金属原子对不同激光失谐的吸收程度不同，提出了一种通过拟合碱金属原子吸收光谱得到碱金属原子数密度的测量方案。不同于以往的吸收测量法，该方案针对实际实验温度和气体压强等条件，对吸收谱拟合式进行了修正，从而提高了测量结果的准确度。测量结果与理论计算结果相吻合，两者偏差仅1.2倍左右，并可进一步应用于校准气室内碱金属蒸气的实际温度值。     

轴向载荷下复合材料元件吸能能力的试验研究

试验研究了三种结构形式的复合材料元件在轴向准静态载荷下的压溃过程和能量吸收能力。通过组试件在轴向准静态载荷下的压溃试验，研究复合材料的缓冲吸能机理，对吸能能力进行了定义，并对试件的峰值截荷、持续压溃载荷和吸能能力等作了定量分析。     

定容式气体微流量校准装置吸放气特性研究

介绍了定容式气体微流量校准装置的组成和工作原理,对流量计吸放气特性进行了实验研究,给出了静态压力上升速率曲线,并对实验结果进行了理论分析,得出了对于结构复杂的真空系统要结合系统各组件的结构、历史使用情况等因素来分析系统的吸放气特性,在一定的温度下长时间全面烘烤是降低真空系统放气率的有效途径。     

布雷顿循环和半导体温差联合发电技术在飞行器上的应用

文章针对飞行器燃烧室高温壁面提出了初步的闭式布雷顿循环和半导体温差联合发电方案。首先,建立了简化的理论计算模型,开展了温度场计算分析;然后,根据布雷顿循环发电系统的关键节点温度和半导体温差电材料冷热端温差计算结果,给出联合发电系统的整体发电量和基本性能参数。研究结果为布雷顿循环和半导体温差联合发电系统在飞行器上的应用提供了指导和借鉴。     

Spectroscopy peculiarities of thermal plasma of electric arc discharge between electrodes with Zn admixtures

Plasma of the free burning electric arc between Ag–SnO₂–ZnO composite electrodes as well as brass electrodes were investigated. The plasma temperature distributions were obtained by Boltzmann plot method involving Cu I, Ag I or Zn I spectral line emissions. The electron density distributions were obtained from the width and from absolute intensity of spectral lines. The laser absorption spectroscopy was used for measurement of copper atom concentration in plasma. Plasma equilibrium composition was calculated using two independent groups of experimental values (temperature and copper atom concentration, temperature and electron density). It was found that plasma of the free burning electric arc between brass electrodes is in local thermodynamical equilibrium. The experimental verification of the spectroscopic data of Zn I spectral lines was carried out.     

带气膜阻尼结构振动特性的理论研究

针对航空发动机气膜阻尼的结构设计需求,基于挤压间隙流理论和能量方程建立气膜阻尼的力学模型,由此获得气膜阻尼结构的等效刚度系数和等效阻尼系数,通过振动方程的理论推导获得放大因子的表达式.结果表明:气腔厚度、气腔初始压强、吸振薄板模态频率和安装位置是影响减振效果的关键参数.气腔最优厚度主要由附面层厚度和实际振动频率决定,需结合实际情况确定气腔厚度,以最大程度降低振动响应;气腔初始压强越高,阻尼系数越大;吸振薄板的固有频率应尽可能与叶片本体接近,并且安装在本体振动响应最大位置,以取得最好的减振效果.      

高声强下多狭缝共振腔的吸声性能

为深入理解高入射声强下多狭缝共振腔吸声机理,采用低频散低耗散的计算气动声学方法对二维多狭缝共振腔开展直接数值模拟研究.首先对标准单狭缝共振腔计算结果进行验证,随后相同的数值模拟方法被应用于相同穿孔率的多狭缝共振腔的数值模拟中.结果显示:高声强下涡脱落对吸声系数的贡献占据了主导地位,各入射频率下均超过68%.多狭缝低频时会导致脱落涡总能量的下降,而高频时升高;而黏性耗散作用随着共振腔狭缝数目的增加而增强.因此综合作用下低频时多狭缝共振腔对吸声效果影响不大,但在高频时多狭缝共振腔有更好的吸声效果.      

SF6分解气的近红外在线检测技术研究

为满足SF6绝缘电气设备故障监测与预警的实际需求,分析了国内分解气检测研究现状.对比近红外与中红外吸收光谱检测技术,提出近红外吸收光谱技术在线检测的技术方案.计算分析待测气体特征谱线的吸收系数、吸收光程和电路信噪比对精度的影响,完成系统参数设计.提出SF6分解气在线检测系统方案,实现对H2S、HF和CO这3种气体测量.数据分析表明,系统检测精度优于5×10-7,表明该系统满足电力行业在线测量的需求.     

循环吸湿对炭纤维复合材料界面性能的影响

通过对炭纤维增强复合材料进行70、85、100℃下的循环水浸吸湿试验,研究了复合材料在不同水浸温度下的吸湿-脱湿行为规律。同时,对循环吸湿-脱湿过程中的试样进行层间剪切强度测试和动态力学性能测试,并结合扫描电镜观察循环吸湿各个阶段的纤维基体结合状态。结果表明,水浸温度越高,水分的扩散速率越快,饱和吸湿率越大。经过循环吸湿后复合材料的吸湿行为仍满足Fick第二定律,吸湿后层间剪切强度下降,湿热循环次数越多下降的越明显。脱湿后层间剪切强度有所恢复,水浸温度越高造成的不可逆破坏越大,层间剪切强度恢复的越少。干态时的玻璃化转变温度为231℃,吸湿后下降了37℃。     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.