对于动态目标的航天器鲁棒PD+快速跟踪控制方法

摘要：针对卫星对于空间动态目标快速、稳定地跟踪、控制目标，同时考虑平台模型的不确定性、外部随机干扰、系统控制力矩与角速度约束等因素，设计PD+控制器实现对于动态目标的快速、稳定跟踪；在经典PD控制器的基础上设计控制添加项使得系统能够按照既定轨迹运动；采用变结构的手段实现系统收敛速度的提升；合理设计Lyapunov函数的结构，引出角速度、四元数的耦合项对V函数进行改良，简化系统稳定性证明与分析的过程；讨论系统最极端情形，通过对V函数上下界的讨论分析系统该情形下的稳定性；最后通过数值仿真验证所提出算法的有效性与优越性.     

基于最小一乘的跑道入口高度计算

跑道入口高度是关系着飞机能否安全着陆的关键参数,在其计算中需要采用曲线拟合预测的方法。目前大多是采用基于最小二乘准则的拟合方式。由于最小二乘准则的局限性,当下滑道随机误差不满足正态分布,在飞行数据中出现异常点时会给预测带来较大误差。将最小一乘方法引入到跑道入口高度计算问题中,提高了算法的稳健性,很好地克服了这一问题。     

Soil moisture estimation by using multipolarization SAR image

In the past studies, different soil moisture estimation models were developed for bare soil areas by using remotely-sensed data. However, there are few models that can be used to estimate soil moisture in vegetated areas. Water Cloud Model (WCM) model is a widely used soil moisture estimation model has been developed for vegetated areas. In this study, the WCM model was extended to take soil roughness parameter into consideration. The modeling and its accuracy assessment were done by using multi-polarization Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) images and ground data collected during field Soil Moisture Experiments.     

DME Interference mitigation for L-DACS1 based on system identification and sparse representation

L-band digital aeronautical communication system 1 (L-DACS1) is a promising candi-date data-link for future air-ground communication, but it is severely interfered by the pulse pairs (PPs) generated by distance measure equipment. A novel PP mitigation approach is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a deformed PP detection (DPPD) method that combines a filter bank, correlation detection, and rescanning is proposed to detect the deformed PPs (DPPs) which are caused by mul-tiple filters in the receiver. Secondly, a finite impulse response (FIR) model is used to approximate the overall characteristic of filters, and then the waveform of DPP can be acquired by the original waveform of PP and the FIR model. Finally, sparse representation is used to estimate the position and amplitude of each DPP, and then reconstruct each DPP. The reconstructed DPPs will be sub-tracted from the contaminated signal to mitigate interference. Numerical experiments show that the bit error rate performance of our approach is about 5 dB better than that of recent works and is closer to interference-free environment.     

几种生长模型参数的最小二乘估计方法及应用

提出一种Logistic模型、Gompertz模型、Mitscherlich模型和Bertallanffy模型的分布参数估计方法，这种方法以加权最小二乘法为基础，推导求解分布参数的方程组。利用这类曲线模型中参数形式的特点，使同时求解三个参数的问题简化为同时求解两个参数的问题，并给出求解参数耦合方程组的二重二分迭代法。预测地基沉降的计算实例表明，这种方法对于迭代初值的选取要求较低、求解速度快、精度高，而且通过选取权因子可以对已有数据实现“重近轻远”的处理。     

Semi-stochastic modification of second-order radial derivative of Abel–Poisson’s formula for validating satellite gravity gradiometry data

The geoid can be used to validate the satellite gravity gradiometry data. Validation of such data is important prior to their downward continuation because of amplification of the data errors through this process. In this paper, the second-order radial derivative of Abel–Poisson’s formula is modified stochastically to reduce the effect of the far-zone geoid and generate the second-order radial derivative of geopotential at 250 km level. The numerical studies over Fennoscandia show that this method yields the gradients with an error of 10 mE and when the long wavelength of geoid is removed from the estimator and restored after the computations (remove–compute–restore) the error will be in 1 mE level. We name this method semi-stochastic modification. The best case scenario is found when the degree of modification of the integral formula is 200 and the long wavelength geoid to degree 100 is removed and restored. In this case the geoid should have a resolution of 15′ × 15′ and the integration should be performed over a cap size of 3°.     

基于非线性变换的加速度计误差标定与补偿CSCD

为提高三轴加速度计测量精度,分析其误差来源和产生机理,建立了误差模型;根据误差模型和重力场幅值不变特性,推导出非线性观测方程。引入两个未知的参数向量,通过数学变换把非线性观测方程变形为关于新未知参数的线性方程;然后采用批量最小二乘法求出新的未知参数,并根据误差模型参数和新未知参数之间的关系,利用逆解析运算求出对应的零点偏差、灵敏度误差和三轴不正交误差。实验结果表明,加速度计正负误差峰值间距可以减小100倍左右,精度可达10-3m/s2,并具有很好的可重复性。该方法算法效率较高,补偿效果显著。     

基于雷达航迹的航空器质量估算

为保障基于轨迹运行的顺利实施,必须提高四维航迹预测的精度,而四维航迹的精准预测依赖于航空器质量准确估算。鉴于此,构建并分析了航空器能量模型;基于雷达航迹与航空器基础资料( BADA),提出了新型的航空器质量估算方法与步骤;利用最小二乘算法求解了航空器质量的估计值;分别基于预测航迹、雷达轨迹与QAR数据,采用相对误差作为评价指标,实施验证与分析。验证结果表明,提出的方法可将航空器质量估算误差控制在5%以内,从而能够有效地提高航迹预测精度。     

基于自回归与最小均方理论的振动环境下 光纤陀螺仪滤波方法

针对振动应力下光纤陀螺产生测量误差增大的问题,从振动对光纤环的影响机理出发,分析了振动应力下光纤陀螺干涉信号的表现形式,提出了基于自回归最小均方滤波理论的光纤陀螺滤波方法,将AR模型的平稳性和最小均方根滤波的自适应性相结合,提取平稳数据的特性参数,对高频信号进行滤波,降低非互易相移产生陀螺角速度误差值的干扰.试验表明,该方法简单可行,有效地降低了振动应力下光纤陀螺输出信息的噪声,抑制了由振动引起的陀螺漂移.     

基于多项式平方和规划的航空发动机鲁棒LPV/PI控制

针对航空发动机常规(proportion integration,PI)控制器设计过程中难以保证鲁棒性及参数适应性差等问题,提出了一种基于线性变参数(linear parameter varying,LPV)模型及多项式平方和(sum of squares,SOS)规划的控制器设计方法.结合传递函数模型下的鲁棒稳定条件及弱对偶定理给出了多项式描述的LPV模型鲁棒稳定条件,并转化为便于求解的SOS规划问题.根据发动机非线性模型获取不同转速下的传递函数模型,并利用多项式拟合的方法建立发动机LPV模型.根据所提出的定理构造出SOS规划问题,并求解得出LPV/PI控制器.最终以某型双轴涡扇发动机为被控对象,在包线内不同点进行了阶跃仿真,结果表明:高压转子转速控制系统的稳态误差为0,调节时间小于3s.