运动激波与气泡串相互作用的多介质数值模拟

通过对激波和流体界面相互作用而诱导的大变形界面演化的数值模拟,验证了Level set 方法精确模拟多个流体界面的有效性.采用间断有限元Galerkin方法求解欧拉方程得到流场解,采用5阶WENO格式求解Level set方程追踪多流体界面,界面附近的边界条件由虚拟流体方法处理.对运动激波和两个气泡相互作用过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同时刻的压力和密度等值线分布,并分析了计算域中两个气泡同是氦气泡,以及一个是氦气泡,一个是R22气泡情况下的计算结果.计算结果表明:利用多界面Level set方程可高质量地捕捉多个流体界面,处理3种多介质流场数值模拟问题.     

倾转旋翼飞行器的操纵策略和配平方法

根据倾转旋翼飞行器的构型特点,建立了倾转旋翼飞行器旋翼、机翼、短舱、机身、平尾(含升降舵)和垂尾(含方向舵)的气动力模型,研究了倾转旋翼飞行器的操纵策略以满足直升机模式的悬停/小速度飞行、直升机模式向固定翼飞机模式转换的过渡飞行和固定翼飞机模式的高速飞行,并运用最优方法研究倾转旋翼飞行器在不同飞行速度下作稳定对称飞行时的配平方法.最后以XV-15倾转旋翼飞行器为例,进行各种飞行模式的配平.结果表明:本文所述方法能合理地给出倾转旋翼飞行器在整个稳定飞行速度范围内的操纵量和姿态.     

Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

基于TARAM的民用飞机结构类事件的持续运营安全评估

在民用飞机持续适航阶段,需要开展风险评估工作,以保证运营安全水平能够维持在可接受的范围之内。基于运输类飞机风险评估方法（TARAM）及风险准则,考虑不同的结构裂纹尺寸,给出基于机队故障数、临界裂纹、特征寿命的机队风险值计算方法;以机身增压边界结构受到循环增压载荷的疲劳裂纹为例,进行持续安全风险评估,计算该事件的风险水平,以及纠正措施实施时限;并通过使用纠正措施实施时限内个人风险进行验证。结果表明：个人风险低于风险阈值,本文制定的纠正措施及实施时限满足机队持续安全要求,可保证该机队的运行安全。     

航空发动机技术进步与投资强度的定量关系

对航空发动机技术水平提高速度与投资强度这两个概念做了界定.利用有关数据,针对航空涡轮发动机的技术水平提高速度、最大推力、类型(涡喷或涡扇)与投资强度的定量关系建立了的一个数学模型,并对模型的应用进行了探讨.     

我国网络银行风险及其管理措施

网络银行具有超越时空、创新发展快、运作工具有别于传统银行等特点。网络银行能否顺畅发展,一个关键问题是如何防范和控制风险。网络银行的风险主要包括金融风险和业务风险等方面。金融风险所包含的信用风险是网络银行最大的风险,而市场风险对网络银行的冲击也越来越显著。加强我国网络银行的风险管理,主要通过以下措施来实现：（1）强化网络银行的信誉管理,完善社会信用体系;（2）营造良好的市场发展环境,控制市场交易风险;（3）加强银行业务监管,减少银行操作风险。     

Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.     

基于CCD摄像法进行液位测量的研究

建立了用于液位测量的CCD摄像测量系统。在散射照明的条件下,液位图像成像到高分辨力的电荷耦合器件上,然后通过对传感器信号进行分析和处理,可以精确地计算出液位的高低。利用CCD摄像法实现液位精确测量,处理电路采用C8051F060单片机为核心器件对传感器输出信号进行处理,通过单片机串口将采集的数据传输给计算机。系统具有非接触、实时性、高准确度以及自动化的特点。     

基于协调组的RTI时间管理方法

针对目前运行支撑环境(RTI,Run-Time Infrastructure)时间管理方法中存在的时间推进效率低及网络带宽占用量大的问题,提出基于协调组的RTI时间管理方法并将其应用于BH RTI 2.3时间管理服务.将仿真系统中节点划分为不同的协调组并设置协调者,通过分组局部协调逐步达到全局的时间同步.实验结果表明,该方法在仿真节点时间推进速度及网络带宽占用量方面优于同等条件下的其他RTI时间管理方法.      

定常基线卫星编队构形设计

采用动力学法研究了卫星编队的相对运动特性,根据星间相对基线的定义,仔细推导了星间相对基线与卫星编队构形参数之间的关系,并根据此关系定义了一种可以较好地反映星间相对基线运动稳定性的指标,即稳定度.在一个轨道周期内,分析了三种特殊卫星编队的最大水平基线和最大垂直基线在相同稳定度下的稳定时间.结果表明,这三种编队构形不能满足水平基线和垂直基线同时定常的要求.由此出发,重点研究了可以使星间相对基线定常的条件,并得出了相应的结论.水平基线定常的充要条件为三个约束关系式,垂直基线定常的充要条件为两个约束关系式.由此条件同时可知,两星编队无法满足水平基线和垂直基线同时定常的要求,因此,至少需要三星编队才可以达到此要求.最后,按照本文所得结论,设计了一个水平基线和垂直基线同时定常的三星编队.利用成熟软件对设计结果进行了分析,分析结果表明了本设计方法的正确性.