基于解析规则的舰艇区域防空作战能力需求生成

首先,在能力需求生成中,通过对舰艇面临的威胁任务分解,构建作战能力指标体系,分析"元任务-能力指标"之间的解析规则进而得到舰艇作战所需的各项能力指标;其次,以单舰舰空导弹区域防空为背景,根据作战流程的各个阶段建立相应的数学模型,以作战需求以及敌我双方的相关因素为变量,结合关系图对杀伤区远近界、发射区远近界、预警机前出距离、高度和必需预警距离等作战能力指标进行了仿真验证;最后,分析了所需探测距离及速度对作战能力指标的影响关系,定量得到相应所需的区间数值解,为舰艇区域防空作战能力需求生成提供了依据。      

基于细观结构的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析

三维机织复合材料具有复杂的细观结构,通过采用双凸透镜的几何形状来描述被压扁的纤维束横截面,引入细观结构和几何参数,建立了基于织物细观结构预测三维机织复合材料的纤维体积分数和弹性常数的方法。通过参数分析预测了结构和几何参数对三维复合材料弹性性能的影响。开发了一个具有友好界面的三维机织复合材料弹性性能的分析软件,为复合材料结构设计者选定适合的织物增强结构提供了有效的计算工具。理论计算结果与实验值的比较,表明了分析方法的正确性。     

CFD验证、确认和共享基准数据库

CFD验证和确认是气动计算可信度分析的基本活动。通过这类活动将产生大量数据资源。如何有效管理和利用这些数据资源是基准数据库要解决的主要问题。研究并提出了一种可行的共享基准数据库设计方案,重点强调数据库的管理、数据库的可用性、数据的可靠性评估、数据标准和开放的系统架构,目的是提供建立用于CFD验证和确认的气动共享基准数据库的一种示范,解决现有气动数据库普遍存在的缺乏协调性、连贯性和必要的交流等诸多问题。此外,简要介绍了近年来中国在气动计算可信度分析方面所做的努力。     

Analysis of the dynamic performance of an electro-hydrostatic actuator and improvement methods

As a kind of actuation mechanism for power-by-wire (PBW) actuation systems of more/all electrical aircraft, an electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) is a highly integrated local hydraulic actuation system. It is a volume control system consisting of a motor, a pump, an actuator, etc., which has features of high efficiency and reliability. However, the poor dynamic characteristic is one of the main factors restricting its wide application in aircraft. In this paper, the reason for the poor dynamic characteristic of an EHA is revealed from the perspectives of the natural frequency characteristic and the power requirement, respectively. In other words, the insufficiency of the motor output power at a high frequency is the main factor causing the poor dynamic characteristic of the system, and methods which include increasing the maximum output torque of the motor, reducing the rotational inertia of the motor-pump group, and adopting a double-motor-pump group configuration are proposed in this paper, by which the dynamic characteristic of the system can be improved. The feasibility of those methods are verified by simulations. Finally, the dynamic characteristic is tested on an EHA prototype, and results show that saturation of the output torque of the motor is the main factor restricting the dynamic characteristic of the EHA system.     

基于随机振动响应的结构非线性参数识别

复合材料结构呈现出典型的量级非线性特征,非线性刚度的研究是结构设计和分析的基础。结构使用环境多数存在随机振动载荷,在更接近真实使用环境下对非线性参数的识别结果更加适用。文章提出了基于随机减量法和连续小波变换的非线性参数识别方法,设计了基于随机振动响应的非线性刚度识别程序;通过立方刚度单自由度非线性系统算例,验证了识别方法和程序;并通过试验研究了典型复合材料结构的量级非线性特征。结果表明,基于随机减量法和连续小波变换的非线性参数识别方法具有较好的识别精度,多自由度系统不同谐振阶次的非线性特性存在差别。研究结论对于随机振动环境下结构非线性参数识别和建模具有一定的参考价值。     

基于等效磁路的LIPS-200离子推力器磁场特性

以放电室阳极振荡电压和放电损耗的最小化为目标,结合正交试验方法,获得了性能提升后可实现长期稳定工作的LIPS-200离子推力器最佳磁路结构与磁场构型。基于此,运用等效磁路方法,采用有限元离散形式,建立了LIPS-200离子推力器放电室磁场模型,研究了特定空间排布下电磁体的永磁体替代方案。利用放电室磁感应强度测试和整机工作性能对比验证了永磁体替代方案的等效性及分析方法的可行性和计算结果的正确性。结果表明:两种磁场状态下的推力器放电室特征位置磁感应强度相对误差低于5%,且推力器工作敏感参数变化情况符合预期,满足磁路等效目标,达到磁路结构再优化,工作性能再提升的整体目标。      

基于鲁棒伺服LQR的结冰飞机纵向控制律重构方法

由于防/除冰系统总会出现故障或者除冰不彻底,因此仅依靠防/除冰系统实现结冰条件下的安全飞行并非完全可靠,研究结冰后飞机控制律重构对飞机操纵安全和飞行安全极其重要。针对飞机的纵向运动建立了结冰影响模型和纵向动力学模型,采用鲁棒伺服线性二次型调节器(LQR)最优控制设计了飞机结冰后空中飞行纵向控制律,模拟了飞机在俯仰姿态保持模式下遭遇不同严重程度结冰后的动态响应特性,并与常规PID控制进行对比。结果表明,所设计的控制律能够有效改善结冰飞机的飞行性能和飞行品质,准确跟踪给定的俯仰角指令,且抗干扰能力、动态性能以及鲁棒性均优于常规PID控制。为飞机结冰后的重构控制问题和自动飞行控制,提供了新的思路。     

Proportional fuzzy feed-forward architecture control validation by wind tunnel tests of a morphing wing

In aircraft wing design, engineers aim to provide the best possible aerodynamic performance under cruise flight conditions in terms of lift-to-drag ratio. Conventional control sur-faces such as flaps, ailerons, variable wing sweep and spoilers are used to trim the aircraft for other flight conditions. The appearance of the morphing wing concept launched a new challenge in the area of overall wing and aircraft performance improvement during different flight segments by locally altering the flow over the aircraft's wings. This paper describes the development and appli-cation of a control system for an actuation mechanism integrated in a new morphing wing structure. The controlled actuation system includes four similar miniature electromechanical actuators dis-posed in two parallel actuation lines. The experimental model of the morphing wing is based on a full-scale portion of an aircraft wing, which is equipped with an aileron. The upper surface of the wing is a flexible one, being closed to the wing tip; the flexible skin is made of light composite materials. The four actuators are controlled in unison to change the flexible upper surface to improve the flow quality on the upper surface by delaying or advancing the transition point from laminar to turbulent regime. The actuators transform the torque into vertical forces. Their bases are fixed on the wing ribs and their top link arms are attached to supporting plates fixed onto the flex-ible skin with screws. The actuators push or pull the flexible skin using the necessary torque until the desired vertical displacement of each actuator is achieved. The four vertical displacements of the actuators, correlated with the new shape of the wing, are provided by a database obtained through a preliminary aerodynamic optimization for specific flight conditions. The control system is designed to control the positions of the actuators in real time in order to obtain and to maintain the desired shape of the wing for a specified flight condition. The feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control system by use of a proportional fuzzy feed-forward methodology are demon-strated experimentally through bench and wind tunnel tests of the morphing wing model.     

单向阀流路系统自激振荡特性研究

针对液流试验中出现的单向阀系统自激振荡现象,建立了描述该系统动态过程的非线性动力学模型。通过数值计算证实了系统在一定条件下出现极限环,系统是局部稳定,大范围不稳定,计算结果与试验相吻合。分析了此系统产生自激振荡的原因、影响因素及抑制措施。