基于空间分割的影像条带噪声去除方法

光学遥感卫星影像中包含系统条带噪声和随机条带噪声,由于多种因素的干扰,即使进行系统条带噪声去除后,仍残留部分随机条带噪声。文章通过分析现有卫星遥感影像中的随机条带噪声特性,基于常规的随机条带噪声去除方法,提出一种新的基于空间分割的条带噪声去除算法。该方法以影像的均值、中值以及梯度值构建判定准则,将影像分为动态范围变化较小的多个区域,同时将地物边缘单独提取出来予以保留;然后采用标准矩匹配的方法对单独区域进行处理,在剔除噪声的同时抑制灰度畸变的产生;最后采用中巴地球资源卫星04星（CBERS-04）数据作为试验对象进行了随机噪声去除试验,试验结果表明新方法在去除随机条带噪声的同时很好的保持了原始影像的纹理信息。     

Prospects of de-tumbling large space debris using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation

Capturing large space debris with complex rotational motion is extremely challenging. A de-tumbling phase before capturing may be necessary to reduce the risk of collision with debris. This paper proposes a new noncontact de-tumbling method using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation, in which two small electromagnetic satellites, each having a high-temperature superconducting coil, generate control torques to reduce the rotation rate of debris prior to making any physical contact. The electromagnetic interaction of the target-satellite system is analyzed. A relative translational dynamics of the target–satellite system and the attitude dynamics of the target are established. Simulation results show that the proposed method effectively eliminates the rotational motion of the target. It can be safely concluded that the noncontact method for de-tumbling space debris using a two-satellite electromagnetic formation is feasible and potentially applicable to on-orbit capture.     

Dynamics and control for contactless interaction between spacecraft and tumbling debris

Tumbling debris has become a great threat to orbit activities. Contactless interaction is a novel concept for active debris removal, through which the tumbling debris no longer rotates freely but is under control. The contactless interaction method aims to de-tumble the debris and then maintain desired relative states between the spacecraft and debris. The spacecraft is simultaneously stabilized through three-axis attitude control, which makes the de-tumbling and capture operation much safer, more effective and accurate. The dynamics and control for the contactless interaction have been little studied in the past years. This paper considers a generic dynamics and control problem for contactless interaction between a spacecraft and debris. A translational and rotational dynamics model of contactless interaction is proposed and the 6-DOF equations are established. The contactless interaction control law is designed with the backstepping method, and the spacecraft three-axis control law is designed with the PD control. Simulation results show that the angular momentum is transferred from the debris to the spacecraft and the debris is thus de-tumbled. The desired relative states are achieved efficiently. Significantly, the spacecraft and debris no longer rotate in the inertial frame and, hence, the safety and accuracy for capture operation are guaranteed.     

磁流变机床误差分析和加工工艺优化

首先通过实验分析不同工艺参数下对去除函数稳定性的影响,并进行了仿真分析,确定了机床的敏感方向;其次,对磁流变机床运动轴误差进行了测量,分析这些误差引起法线方向误差的大小;最后,实验验证采用较大的压深和补偿法线方向误差可以有效提高机床的加工精度.     

单次任务中主动清除多块碎片的仿真分析

针对国内外空间活动产生的碎片,文章采用多脉冲推力作用下的轨道机动仿真方法,在主要考虑总速度增量为2 km/s的约束条件下,计算碎片清除所需要的速度增量、任务时间以及清除个数。仿真结果表明,单次任务可以清除12块分布比较集中的碎片。研究结果可为我国今后空间碎片清扫任务的设计提供参考依据。     

A novel stability prediction approach for thin-walled component milling considering material removing process

The milling stability of thin-walled components is an important issue in the aviation manufacturing industry,which greatly limits the removal rate of a workpiece.However,for a thin-walled workpiece,the dynamic characteristics vary at different positions.In addition,the removed part also has influence on determining the modal parameters of the workpiece.Thus,the milling stability is also time-variant.In this work,in order to investigate the time variation of a workpiece's dynamic characteristics,a new computational model is firstly derived by dividing the workpiece into a removed part and a remaining part with the Ritz method.Then,an updated frequency response function is obtained by Lagrange's equation and the corresponding modal parameters are extracted.Finally,multi-mode stability lobes are plotted by the different quadrature method and its accuracy is verified by experiments.The proposed method improves the computational efficiency to predict the time-varying characteristics of a thin-walled workpiece.     

大型飞机气源起动装备供气流程设计与计算

为了研发具有自主知识产权的气源起动装备,立足于大型飞机较高压力、超大流量的特殊气源起动保障需求,设计了以双级无油螺杆压缩为核心技术的供气流程,对其中涉及的级间压力、散热量、除水量等关键参数进行了分析与计算,为解决超大流量气源的二次升压、风冷散热、高温除水等核心技术难题奠定了基础。     

Orbital debris–debris collision avoidance

We focus on preventing collisions between debris and debris, for which there is no current, effective mitigation strategy. We investigate the feasibility of using a medium-powered (5 kW) ground-based laser combined with a ground-based telescope to prevent collisions between debris objects in low-Earth orbit (LEO). The scheme utilizes photon pressure alone as a means to perturb the orbit of a debris object. Applied over multiple engagements, this alters the debris orbit sufficiently to reduce the risk of an upcoming conjunction. We employ standard assumptions for atmospheric conditions and the resulting beam propagation. Using case studies designed to represent the properties (e.g. area and mass) of the current debris population, we show that one could significantly reduce the risk of nearly half of all catastrophic collisions involving debris using only one such laser/telescope facility. We speculate on whether this could mitigate the debris fragmentation rate such that it falls below the natural debris re-entry rate due to atmospheric drag, and thus whether continuous long-term operation could entirely mitigate the Kessler syndrome in LEO, without need for relatively expensive active debris removal.     

天基激光清理低轨空间碎片的最佳角度分析与过程设计

针对天基高能脉冲激光清理低轨(LEO)空间碎片的问题,建立了高能脉冲激光清理LEO碎片作用过程和轨道演化的模型,推导了脉冲激光作用碎片的最佳角度与碎片轨道参数的解析关系,证明了最佳角度下的清理效果具有关于碎片轨道主轴对称的特性。以平台飞行时间和激光作用时间综合优化为目标,提出了一种天基激光清理空间碎片过程的简化设计方法,能快速有效地获得清理方案。选取典型的激光器与空间碎片参数进行仿真验证,结果表明:采用最佳作用角度能极大提高激光清理的效果;基于优化设计方法可使得在平台飞行时间仅增长10%情况下激光作用时间减少30%。     

直升机减速器传动效率间接测定法研究

从测定减速器损失功率出发,探讨了一种间接测量直升机主、中、尾减速器传动效率的方法。该方法在当前主减速器输入功率(发动机输出功率)、尾桨轴输出功率可测的基础上,避开了直接测定传动效率的技术难点,通过对进、出散热器管路的滑油温度、滑油流量、壳体表面温度,减速器工作环境温度等参数的测量,通过传热学建立的减速器损失功率数学计算模型,实现了对主、中、尾减速器损失功率的确定。该方法对直升机减速器传动效率试飞测定做了重要的方法探索,为后续开展传动效率试飞考核奠定了基础。