高轨非合作目标多视线分布式相对导航方法

针对仅采用单视线难于实现高轨非合作目标的远距离自主相对导航问题,提出基于双空间机器人的多视线分布式相对导航方法。首先,建立基于多视线测量的相对导航模型,并给出空间机器人与非合作目标的相对动力学模型;然后,为降低集中式滤波相对导航的维数,设计分布式滤波的相对导航方法,采用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实现相对运动估计;最后,建立数学仿真模型,对多视线分布式滤波相对导航算法及可观测性进行仿真校验,仿真结果表明该方法是稳定有效的。     

Study of the 2013 Lushan M7.0 earthquake coseismic ionospheric disturbances

On April 20, 2013, an earthquake of M7.0 occurred in Lushan, Sichuan province, China. This paper investigates the coseismic ionospheric anomalies using GPS (Global Positioning System) data from 23 reference stations in Sichuan province that are a part of the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC). The recorded results show that a clear ionospheric anomaly occurred within 15 min after the earthquake near the epicenter, and the occurrence time of the anomalies recorded by various stations is related to the distance from the epicenter. The maximum anomaly is 0.25 TECu, with a 2 min duration and the distance of the recording station to the epicenter is 83 km. Acoustic waves generated by the crustal vertical movement during the earthquake propagate up to the height of the ionosphere lead to the ionospheric anomaly, and the propagation speed of the acoustic wave is calculated as 0.72 ± 0.04 km/s based on the propagation time and propagation distance, consistent with the average speed of sound waves within a 0–450 km atmospheric height.     

空间非合作目标的逼近控制仿真研究

近距离的相对运动逼近过程是空间在轨服务中非常重要的一个阶段.对该过程的动力学与控制过程开展研究,建立服务航天器向目标航天器逼近过程中的相对姿态运动模型和相对位置运动模型,在目标航天器本体坐标系下,采用直线逼近制导律,基于经典的比例-微分控制律对逼近过程中的相对运动状态进行跟踪控制.最后,建立Simulink动力学模型并开展仿真分析,仿真结果表明六维相对运动模型的可靠性以及控制方法的有效性.     

一种基于UKF滤波器的卫星定位算法

针对基于通用最小二乘迭代法的卫星定位解算方法在定位精度和鲁棒性等方面的不足,提出了一种基于UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)滤波器的卫星定位解算方法。该方法直接利用GPS接收机测得的伪距和多普勒频移作为观测量,对接收机的位置和速度进行估计。经过工程上的实际验证表明:与基于通用的最小二乘迭代法的卫星定位解算方法相比,所提出的基于UKF滤波器的卫星定位解算方法的定位结果有更高的精度和更强的鲁棒性。     

实现海洋测高卫星厘米级定轨精度的策略分析

基于对多种飞机的机载GPS测量实践,提出我国海洋二号（HY-2）卫星实现厘米级精度的星载GPS定轨测量的基本要求：1）选择适合天线,捕获多颗在视GPS卫星;2）注重天线安装位置,减弱多路径效应影响;3）选用适合的GPS信号接收机,确保星载GPS测量数据优质。     

不同环境下几种GPS接收机定位精度研究

在室内或部分遮挡环境中,不同GPS接收机接收信号的能力和定位精度有较大差异。通过对不同的观测环境、不同品牌接收机以及不同的数据处理软件这三个变量的控制展开实验,通过静态单点定位和静态相对定位两种方式测定接收机在不同环境下的定位精度。     

Response of the ionospheric F-region in the Brazilian sector during the super geomagnetic storm in April 2000 observed by GPS

The response of the ionospheric F-region in the equatorial and low latitude regions in the Brazilian sector during the super geomagnetic storm on 06–07 April 2000 has been studied in the present investigation. The geomagnetic storm reached a minimum D_st of −288 nT at 0100 UT on 07 April. In this paper, we present vertical total electron content (VTEC) and phase fluctuations (in TECU/min) from GPS observations obtained at Imperatriz (5.5°S, 47.5°W; IMPZ), Brasília (15.9°S, 47.9°W; BRAZ), Presidente Prudente (22.12°S, 51.4°W; UEPP), and Porto Alegre (30.1°S, 51.1°W; POAL) during the period 05–08 April. Also, several GPS-based TEC maps are presented from the global GPS network, showing widespread and drastic TEC changes during the different phases of the geomagnetic storm. In addition, ion density measurements on-board the satellite Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F15 orbiting at an altitude of 840 km and the first Republic of China satellite (ROCSAT-1) orbiting at an altitude of 600 km are presented. The observations indicate that one of the orbits of the DMSP satellite is fairly close to the 4 GPS stations and both the DMSP F15 ion-density plots and the phase fluctuations from GPS observations show no ionospheric irregularities in the Brazilian sector before 2358 UT on the night of 06–07 April 2000. During the fast decrease of D_st on 06 April, there is a prompt penetration of electric field of magnetospheric origin resulting in decrease of VTEC at IMPZ, an equatorial station and large increase in VTEC at POAL, a low latitude station. This resulted in strong phase fluctuations on the night of 06–07 April, up to POAL. During the daytime on 07 April during the recovery phase, the VTEC observations show positive ionospheric storm at all the GPS stations, from IMPZ to POAL, and the effect increasing from IMPZ to POAL. This is possibly linked to the equatorward directed meridional wind. During the daytime on 08 April (the recovery phase continues), the VTEC observations show very small negative ionospheric storm at IMPZ but the positive ionospheric storm effect is observed from BRAZ to POAL possibly linked to enhancement of the equatorial ionospheric anomaly.     

Variability of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere observed with GPS radio occultation bending angles and temperatures

Recently, Lewis (2009) introduced a new method for the identification of tropopause heights (TPHs) from GPS radio occultation (RO) bending angles (α)$(\alpha )$. The method uses a covariance transform to identify transitions in a ln(α)$\mathit{ln}(\alpha )$ profile. Lewis validates the results with lapse rate tropopause (LRT) heights from one year of FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC data and radiosondes. In this study we apply the new method to the RO data sets from CHAMP/GRACE (2001–2009) and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (2006–2009). These results are the basis for TPH trend estimations for the time period between May 2001 and August 2009 (100 months) based on zonal monthly mean GPS RO data from CHAMP (2001–2008), GRACE (since 2006) and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (since 2006). Further, we compare the α$\alpha$ based TPH trends with LRT height trends and discuss the differences, which are largest in the subtropical regions (20°–40°) on both the northern and southern hemisphere. A global increase of the TPH between 5 and 9 m/yr is found for both methods and different data sets (CHAMP/GRACE alone and CHAMP/GRACE plus FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC). The results for the TPH trends are linked with bending angle and temperature trends in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region. Generally, an upper tropospheric warming (bending angle decrease) and a lower stratospheric cooling (bending angle increase) is noted.     

基于参考轨道的Walker星座相对相位保持策略

针对高轨道Walker全球星座相对相位保持问题,在分析星座几何结构演化规律基础上,提出了一种基于动态调整参考轨道的星座相对相位保持策略.该参考轨道的半长轴取星座所有卫星的平均轨道半长轴的平均值,通过计算各卫星相对参考轨道的相对相位偏差以及变化率,而后根据有关维持的约束条件来选择合适的卫星进行站点保持,使得所有卫星的相对参考轨道的相位偏差不超过允许值.当一旦有卫星进行了站点保持,则参考轨道就重新统计确定.文章通过一个12颗MEO卫星构成的Walker-δ星座的分析算例,表明这种相对保持策略可以减少星座的站点维持次数.本文提出的方法可以为我国今后卫星导航星座的维持提供参考.     

基于强跟踪滤波的GPS/INS组合导航系统对准技术研究

针对卡尔曼滤波鲁棒性较差的问题,研究了基于强跟踪滤波方法的GPS/INS对准。建立了GPS/INS组合导航系统对准的误差模型,对机载装备系统进行GPS/INS组合导航系统的对准仿真分析,验证该方案的可行性及强跟踪滤波器的性能。仿真结果表明,采用强跟踪滤波能够根据残差的变化求出渐消因子,能够在机动过程中有效跟踪系统状态量,从而提高对准精度和速度。采用强跟踪滤波的GPS/INS组合导航系统对准技术可以保证对准的快速性及对准精度,对工程应用具有重要的参考价值。