典型再入返回器气动特性对比与改进研究

返回器气动特性研究对宇宙飞船的研制起着先导和制约作用。文章对Apollo、CEV和类Soyuz这3种典型的轴对称钝头体再入返回器气动布局进行了气动特性的对比分析,发现与Apollo、CEV相比,类Soyuz外形的升阻比偏小,无法满足以第二宇宙速度载人空间再入返回的要求。在此基础上研究了几何参数（包括倒锥角和球冠半径）变化对类Soyuz外形返回器气动性能的影响规律,从中得到类Soyuz外形的改进方向,提出了一种以类Soyuz外形为基础的改进设计外形,并对该外形的升阻特性、稳定性和配平特性等相关气动特性进行了分析。研究表明通过对几何外形参数的调整优化来提高类Soyuz外形的升阻比,从而达到以第二宇宙速度再入返回的升阻比要求,这样的技术途径是可行的。     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

A closed-form solution for moving source localization using LBI changing rate of phase difference only

Due to the deficiencies in the conventional multiple-receiver localization systems based on direction of arrival(DOA) such as system complexity of interferometer or array and amplitude/phase unbalance between multiple receiving channels and constraint on antenna configuration,a new radiated source localization method using the changing rate of phase difference(CRPD)measured by a long baseline interferometer(LBI) only is studied. To solve the strictly nonlinear problem, a two-stage closed-form solution is proposed. In the first stage, the DOA and its changing rate are estimated from the CRPD of each observer by the pseudolinear least square(PLS) method,and then in the second stage, the source position and velocity are found by another PLS minimization. The bias of the algorithm caused by the correlation between the measurement matrix and the noise in the second stage is analyzed. To reduce this bias, an instrumental variable(IV) method is derived. A weighted IV estimator is given in order to reduce the estimation variance. The proposed method does not need any initial guess and the computation is small. The Cramer–Rao lower bound(CRLB) and mean square error(MSE) are also analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed method can be close to the CRLB with moderate Gaussian measurement noise.     

含噪信号经验模式分解虚假分量识别方法

针对含噪信号Hilbert-Huang变换存在虚假分量,提出改进的奇异值分解(SVD)方法进行降噪,改进包含两个部分:一是利用重构相空间代替传统矩阵如Hankel矩阵,以去掉信号冗余,再者提出奇异值能量熵分量差分法,更易于定出重构奇异值阶次;二是提出了频谱比值法对虚假分量进行辨识,更有效辨识出虚假分量.首先利用经验模式分解(EMD)得到本征模式分量(IMF),识别并剔除趋势项,重构信号,然后进行SVD,重构降噪后的信号,消除虚假分量,最后进行时频分析.联合方法应用于含噪仿真信号,信噪比(signal noise ratio,SNR)提高了5.5%,虚假分量辨识率提高至100%,用于双跨转子故障振动信号,得到正确的时频结果,表明了所提方法识别含噪信号虚假分量的有效性.     

C频段宽带线／圆极化器小型化设计

为适应C频段卫星测控通信车栽天线机动布站功能,须研制一种轴向尺寸小于1．2m的小型化天馈系统,针对该问题,对关键组件线／圆极化器进行小型化设计。在理论分析极化器原理的基础上,采用在聚四氟乙烯基材上打孔的方法使一种介质实现多种相对介电常数,设计了C频段收、发均覆盖575MHz带宽的小型化宽带极化器,在56％相对带宽内实现小型化,轴向尺寸缩短至常规极化器的1／a,经HFSS（HighFrequencySimulationSoftware,高频仿真软件）仿真计算,并与同频段常规极化器性能进行分析比较,结果表明：该极化器移相量与匹配性能良好,满足指标与使用要求。     

交会对接寻的段水平双脉冲交会轨道精确求解

基于考虑摄动影响的精确轨道动力学模型,对交会对接寻的段水平双脉冲交会轨道的精确求解方法进行了研究。提出了将控制脉冲的俯仰角近似转化为控制时刻的轨道幅角,从而调整脉冲控制时刻以消除径向速度增量的方法,精确求解首末水平双脉冲的启控时刻;引入导引终点位置偏差的比例控制方法,精确求解水平双脉冲的精确控制量。仿真结果表明,2轮整体迭代可获得首末水平脉冲控制时刻和控制量的精确值,脉冲水平特性达到俯仰角小于1°,导引终点相对位置精度达到10m,验证了该方法的正确性。     

基于四元数方法的GPS航姿解算

应用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差测量来确定载体的航向和姿态需要解决两个主要问题：模糊度的确定和航姿算法。本文提出了ＧＰＳ航姿解算的四元数方法，直接利用ＧＰＳ载波相位双差 算姿态四元数，从而保证了姿态矩阵的正交性能。     

PDPA技术在圆管射流测量中的应用

采用激光相位多普勒技术（ＰＤＰＡ）和传统热线对圆管射流进行试验研究，试验结果表明：ＰＤＰＡ技术具有精度高、动态响应快、不干扰流场等特点；自由剪切湍流的扩展率ｄｙｃ／ｄｘ＝０．０８０１，完全自模拟特性区在ｘ／Ｄ＞８。     

Assessing the feasibility of involving gaseous products resulting from physicochemical oxidation of human liquid and solid wastes in the cycling of a bio-technical life support system

The study addresses the possible ways of involving gaseous products produced by “wet” incineration of human wastes mixed with H₂O₂ in an alternating electric field in the cycling of the physical model of a bio-technical life support system (BTLSS). The resulting gas mixture contains CO₂ and O₂, which are easily involved in the cycling in the closed ecosystem, and NH₃, which is unacceptable in the atmosphere of the BTLSS. NH₃ fixation has been proposed, which is followed by nitrification and involvement of the resulting products in the mass exchange of the closed system. Experiments have been performed to show that plants can be grown in the atmosphere resulting from the closing of the gas loop that includes a physicochemical installation and a growth chamber with plants representing the phototrophic compartment of the BTLSS. The results of the study suggest the conclusion that the proposed method of organic waste oxidation can be a useful tool in creating a physical model of a closed-loop integrated BTLSS.     

α、β相分布形态对TC11钛合金高温循环蠕变速率的影响

对TC1 1钛合金施行了不同的热处理制度 ,得到 3种组织形态 ,研究了不同的组织形态的高温循环蠕变。结果表明 ,晶间 β组织具有低的循环蠕变速率 ,而随最大应力的增加 ,蠕变速率增加快 ;而等轴组织和片状组织循环蠕变速率较高 ,但随应力的增加 ,蠕变速率增加较慢。分析认为 ,晶界滑移行为对高温循环蠕变有重要影响