浅谈船舶柴油机排放污染及控制对策

本文论述了船舶柴油机废气排放对大气污染的影响，介绍了IMO（国际海事组织）对船舶柴油机排放的控制要求，以及国内外柴油机研究机构和制造公司所采取的对策。     

固体火箭发动机试车后燃烧产物

本文论及了固体火箭发动机试车中喷管排出的燃气在空气中后燃烧过程的产物,温度和放热,对大气污染及防治的研究有意义.     

固体推进剂生产中高氯酸铵粉尘测定方法研究

研究了车间空气中高氯酸铵（AP）粉尘的测定方法。根据AP粉尘的理化特性和劳动卫生要求，确定了AP粉尘的采样点、采样位置以及采样所用的采样器，建立了重量法测定车间空气中AP粉尘浓度和滤膜溶解涂片法测定AP粉尘分散度的方法。     

固体推进剂生产中排放有害物质对大气污染的研究

对固体推进剂生产中排放有害物质引起的大气污染问题，运用高斯模式与环境监测相结合的方法进行了系统研究，评价了不同大气稳定度下苯乙烯的浓度分布，提出了有效的防治措施。     

卫星胶粘剂出气性质测试和预处理结果分析

根据航天工业总公司标准ＱＪ１５５８—８８，对资源一号卫星用１３种胶粘剂材料出气污染性质进行了标准筛选测试和不同预处理条件下的标准筛选测试。测试在中国微可凝挥发物标准测试设备Ｍｉｃｒｏ—ＶＣＭ上完成。引用的标准和设备与目前国际认定标准ＡＳＴＭ—Ｅ５９５—９０完全一致，所测数据具有国际可比性。测试结果分析表明：真空烘烤预处理可明显降低材料总质量损失（ＴＭＬ），但不能明显更改材料水汽回吸性（ＷＶＲ）。     

赣江吴城段底质Cu元素垂直污染分布研究

为建立鄱阳湖水域沉积物中重金属的相关研究方法,了解重金属污染物的迁移规律,并探讨底泥中重金属的垂直分布特征,采用底质柱状采样器通过临水垂直插管法采集鄱阳湖流域赣江吴城段的底质样品,利用微波消解—AS-990型原子吸收分析体系对柱状样中不同深度的样品进行重金属Cu含量的测定。结果显示,柱状样垂直方向和年代分布中Cu含量呈锯齿型分布。重金属垂直分布与年代变化相一致,是因为年代分布与底泥沉积厚度之间的关系主要由沉积率所决定。     

环保型玻璃清洗剂的研制

研制出一种迅速、简便清洗玻璃污垢的清洗剂。该产品不含磷、生物降解性好 ,是一种对人体无毒、对环境无害的环保型产品。     

Plants + soil/wetland microbes: Food crop systems that also clean air and water

The limitations that will govern bioregenerative life support applications in space, especially volume and weight, make multi-purpose systems advantageous. This paper outlines two systems which utilize plants and associated microbial communities of root or growth medium to both produce food crops and clean air and water. Underlying these approaches are the large numbers and metabolic diversity of microbes associated with roots and found in either soil or other suitable growth media. Biogeochemical cycles have microbial links and the ability of microbes to metabolize virtually all trace gases, whether of technogenic or biogenic origin, has long been established. Wetland plants and the rootzone microbes of wetland soils/media also been extensively researched for their ability to purify wastewaters of a great number of potential water pollutants, from nutrients like N and P, to heavy metals and a range of complex industrial pollutants. There is a growing body of research on the ability of higher plants to purify air and water. Associated benefits of these approaches is that by utilizing natural ecological processes, the cleansing of air and water can be done with little or no energy inputs. Soil and rootzone microorganisms respond to changing pollutant types by an increase of the types of organisms with the capacity to use these compounds. Thus living systems have an adaptive capacity as long as the starting populations are sufficiently diverse. Tightly sealed environments, from office buildings to spacecraft, can have hundreds or even thousands of potential air pollutants, depending on the materials and equipment enclosed. Human waste products carry a plethora of microbes which are readily used in the process of converting its organic load to forms that can be utilized by green plants. Having endogenous means of responding to changing air and water quality conditions represents safety factors as these systems operate without the need for human intervention. We review this research and the ability of systems using these mechanisms to also produce food or other useful crops. Concerns about possible pathogens in soils and wastewater are discussed along with some methods to prevent contact, disease transmission and to pre-screen and decrease risks. The psychological benefits of having systems utilizing green plants are becoming more widely recognized. Some recent applications extending the benefits of plants and microbes to solve new environmental problems are presented. For space applications, we discuss the use of in situ space resources and ways of making these systems compact and light-weight.     

硝基氧化剂废气污染治理

硝基氧化剂在使用过程中会产生大量的氮氧化物废气。对于氮氧化物的污染治理技术目前主要有化学吸收法，液膜法，催化脱除法，高能辐射法，冷冻法和吸附法等。这些方法各有其特点及合适的应用场合，在处理时要综合考虑废气的来源，组成，强度及费用，效果等各方面的因素，并在此 选择最佳处理方法。     

铜颗粒污染物对变压器油运动黏度的影响

变压器油中铜颗粒污染物的存在极易影响油液的理化性能,甚至导致重大生产事故,因而根据ISO4406:1999标准,配制了24组不同污染度的含铜颗粒油样并通过实验测试了变压器油样的运动黏度性能（40℃）,获得了实验范围内铜颗粒污染度对油液运动黏度的影响规律;然后根据测试数据采用偏最小二乘（PLS）法和支持向量机（SVM）法建立了油样中不同粒径、含量的铜颗粒与油液运动黏度的数学模型,探讨了不同粒径、含量的铜颗粒污染物对油液运动黏度的影响规律。结果表明:随着铜颗粒污染度的增加,油液的运动黏度减小;铜颗粒污染物粒径在15～25 μm范围内对油液运动黏度的影响较大,且粒径越大,油液运动黏度也越大;所建立SVM模型对验证集进行预测的相关系数和均方根误差（RMSE）分别是0.962 6、4.597×10-5。为消除实验误差,减少人为因素的影响比较准确地掌握铜颗粒污染物对油液运动黏度的影响提供了新的途径。