一起语音告警信号的故障研究

以某型飞机语音告警信号为例,分析了故障告警原理,找到了故障原因,为类似语音告警信号的排故提供参考。     

基于参数化解调的旋转目标微多普勒频率提取方法

旋转运动是航天领域中最为常见的微运动,如卫星天线转动、弹道导弹自旋运动等。旋转目标的微多普勒特征对雷达目标识别具有重大影响。针对旋转目标不同散射点的微多普勒频率相互重叠、难以提取的问题,提出了基于参数化解调的旋转目标微多普勒频率提取方法。由点散射模型得到旋转目标的微多普勒信号解析形式。考虑到旋转目标微多普勒信号具有正弦频率调制特征,构造了基于正弦模型的参数化解调算子,优化微多普勒频率参数,使解调信号在载波频率处的频谱值达到最大。为了估计多个散射点的微多普勒频率参数,提出了参数迭代估计方法,在每次迭代中只估计当前最强散射点的微多普勒参数,将相应信号分量从原始信号中剔除,消除对后续分量估计结果的影响。仿真和实验结果表明:基于参数化解调的旋转目标微多普勒频率提取方法与传统时频峰值检测方法相比,能更精确地提取相互交叉的旋转目标微多普勒频率,为最终实现雷达空间目标识别提供了理论基础,能应用于卫星天线、弹道导弹等目标的监测、识别。     

工业机器人D-H运动学参数分步辨识方法

针对工业机器人运动学参数辨识过程中的角度误差易淹没在数量级较大的位置误差中的问题，提出一种快速有效的分步辨识方法。首先构建机器人Denavit-Hartenberg（D-H）运动学模型，其次给出参数辨识两步误差模型，最后进行机器人运动学参数辨识试验。借助激光跟踪仪进行外部测量，通过3种试验方案对比，验证了基于两步误差模型的机器人运动学参数辨识方法的正确性和有效性，且辨识精度具有一定优势。将辨识参数代替机器人原有运动学参数，进行碳纤维薄板钻孔加工，加工孔的位置度由3 mm提高到1 mm以内。     

基于优化SPOT和D-S证据理论的测试性验证方案

针对现有基于序贯验后加权检验的测试性验证方案对测试性设计指标之间的模糊参数空间考虑不足，以及未能充分运用测试性多源先验信息的问题，提出一种优化序贯验后加权检验和D-S证据理论相结合的测试性验证方案。首先，考虑测试性设计指标之间的模糊参数空间，构建三参数空间复杂假设，并基于Bayes理论研究序贯决策规则，同时确定决策因子以及决策阈值；其次，以测试性指标构成的参数空间为辨识框架，分别构造基于专家信息以及测试性试验数据等先验信息的基本信任分配函数，建立融合多源先验信息的优化序贯验证方案；最后，结合实例进行研究，并与经典验证方案、传统Bayes验证方案、序贯概率比检验方案以及序贯验后加权检验方案进行了对比分析。结果表明，该方案由于考虑了模糊参数空间以及充分融合了多源先验信息，有效解决了模糊参数空间的处理问题，同时所确定的平均故障样本量在决策支持的参数空间均优于其他方法。     

Standing window of oblique detonation with pathological behaviour

Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave (ODW) on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach number. Usually a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge (upper limit) to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation occurs (lower limit). For pathological detonation cases, however, the CJ detonation cannot be achieved, and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be revisited. In present study, two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation, that is, the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process, have been used for studying standing behavior of ODW. The steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction systems. The results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of ODW. Three equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics, Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of reactions. It is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio, the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow, regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.     

基于SAPSO算法的异步电动机参数辨识

异步电动机等效电路参数的准确辨识对电动机的控制具有重要作用,同时,等效电路参数的变化可以反映电动机的运行状态,故参数辨识也被运用到电机故障诊断中。将现代最优化算法应用到三相异步电动机的等效电路参数辨识中。通过将粒子群优化算法(PSO)和模拟退火算法(SA)相结合,可以准确有效地对异步电动机的6个等效参数进行辨识,与遗传算法相比,SAPSO算法易于实现且收敛速度快。算法采用考虑铁耗的异步电机dq坐标系下的模型来实现,将温度对电阻参数的影响考虑在内。通过算例证明了算法能够有效地对电机参数进行辨识及跟踪电阻的变化。     

梯形螺纹振动辅助冷挤压工艺参数影响分析

为深入研究梯形螺纹振动辅助冷挤压机床的加工过程,延长挤压丝锥寿命以及提高梯形内螺纹质量,本文建立了一套基于虚拟仪器的专用在线监测系统。研究了不同挤压工艺参数下加工过程中的振动、声发射、扭矩以及温度信号,并通过对信号的分析处理,揭示了不同工艺参数与加工过程信号之间的内在联系。研究结果表明,随着主轴转速和润滑油黏度系数的提高,振动、声发射信号的均方根值不断提高,振动、声发射信号频率由低频向高频移动,扭矩和温度也不断提高。激振频率的最优值在18 Hz左右。     

基于多参量模型的光纤陀螺温度误差补偿

温度漂移误差是制约光纤陀螺精度的重要因素之一。针对传统光纤陀螺温度补偿方法仅对温度项建模导致补偿精度差的问题,提出了一种新型多参量模型来补偿光纤陀螺温度误差的方法。通过对陀螺零漂误差和温度各相关项进行相关性分析,将温度和温度速率的乘积项及温度梯度滞后项引入到温度漂移误差模型中,建立了多参量分段补偿模型对零偏进行补偿,显著改善了光纤陀螺的零偏稳定性。使用实测光纤陀螺数据对提出的补偿方法进行实验验证,结果表明采用该方法补偿后,零偏误差平方和降低2个数量级,陀螺漂移均值、方差稳定在零点附近,补偿效果优于温度项分段拟合方法,与非线性模型预测效果相当。     

Crustal deformation characteristics of Sichuan-Yunnan region in China on the constraint of multi-periods of GPS velocity fields

In order to obtain deformation parameters in each block of Sichuan-Yunnan Region (SYG) in China by stages and establish a dynamic model about the variation of the strain rate fields and the surface expansion in this area, we taken the Global Positioning System (GPS) sites velocity in the region as constrained condition and taken advantage of the block strain calculation model based on spherical surface. We also analyzed the deformation of the active blocks in the whole SYG before and after the Wenchuan earthquake, and analyzed the deformation of active blocks near the epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake in detail. The results show that, (1) Under the effects of the carving from India plate and the crimping from the potential energy of Tibetan Plateau for a long time, there is a certain periodicity in crustal deformation in SYG. And the period change and the earthquake occurrence have a good agreement. (2) The differences in GPS velocity fields relative Eurasian reference frame shows that the Wenchuan earthquake and the Ya'an earthquake mainly affect the crustal movement in the central and southern part of SYG, and the average velocity difference is about 4–8?mm/a for the Wenchuan earthquake and 2–4?mm/a for the Ya'an earthquake. (3) For the Wenchuan earthquake, the average strain changed from 10 to 20 nanostrian/a before earthquake to 40–50 nanostrian/a after the earthquake, but before and after the Ya’an earthquake, the strain value increased from about 15 nanostrian/a to about 30 nanostrian/a. (4) The Wenchuan earthquake has changed the strain parameter of each active block more or less. Especially, the Longmen block and Chengdu block near the epicenter. The research provides fundamental material for the study of the dynamic mechanism of the push extrusion from the north-east of the India plate and the crimp from Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and it also provides support for the study of crustal stress variation and earthquake prediction in Sichuan Yunnan region.     

飞行器气动参数估计不确定度评价方法研究

为了有效地利用飞行器气动参数估计结果,必须同时给出估计结果的不确定度,因此研究了不确定度评价方法.当试验样本较多时,样本标准差具有明确的统计含义,比分散度能够更好地描述参数估计的不确定度.对于单个试验样本,基于不确定度椭球导出的C-R(Cramer-Rao)界是参数估计不确定度最好的理论预测,但利用飞行实测数据得到的C-R界普遍比样本标准差小.鉴于此,通过在低频有色噪声的基础上构造白噪声的方法,得到了一种C-R界修正方法,并通过仿真算例验证了修正方法的正确性.最后,将C-R界修正方法应用于飞行实测数据,得到的修正C-R界与利用多次飞行试验参数估计结果计算的样本标准差比较一致,表明该修正方法能够较好地给出参数估计的不确定度区间.