Categorical Bias in Line Angle Judgments: Sex Differences and the Use of Multiple Categories

According to the Category Adjustment (CA) model, spatial estimates (e.g., of location) involve Bayesian combination across multiple, hierarchical pieces information, each weighted by its relative certainty. Recent work, though, has shown that men and women differ in terms of their certainty regarding fine-grained and categorical information in location memory. Here we demonstrate that this reflects a more general sex difference in visuospatial processing by examining bias patterns in a line angle judgment task (JLAP-15). In addition, the data suggest that multiple, hierarchical levels of categorical information influenced spatial judgments. These results imply that the hierarchical combination outlined by the CA model extends beyond two levels, and that men and women apply differential weighting to these representations.     

Environmental reference systems for large-scale spaces

Human navigation in well-known environments is guided by stored memory representations of spatial information. In three experiments (N = 43) we investigated the role of different spatial reference systems when accessing information about familiar objects at different locations in the city in which the participants lived. Our results indicate that two independent reference systems underly the retrieval of spatial knowledge. Environmental characteristics, e.g., the streets at an intersection, determine which headings are easier to imagine at a given location and lead to differences in accessibility of spatial information (orientation-specific behavior). In addition, access to spatial information depends on the relative direction of a location with respect to the imagined heading, such that information about locations imagined in front of oneself is easier to access than about locations towards the back. This influence of an egocentric reference system was found for environmental knowledge as well as map-based knowledge. In light of these reference system effects, position-dependent models of spatial memory for large-scale environments are discussed. To account for the simultaneous effect of an environmental and an egocentric reference system, we present a 2-level model of spatial memory access.     

影响招生计划制定因素的个案分析

通过沈阳航空工业学院2005年招生计划制定的个案，对影响招生计划制定的多重因素作了全面分析和深入研究，旨在说明招生计划的制定不是简单的数量增减，而是一门需要进行综合分析的科学，揭示出影响制定招生计划的外部因素即经济发展环境，以及学校发展定位、就业质量、生源质量等内部因素。     

Influence of the gravitational vertical on geometric visual illusions

The occurrence of geometric orientation illusions and the perception of ambiguous figures were analyzed in 24 subjects during static body tilt relative to gravity on Earth. Results showed that illusions such as the Rock's diamond/square, the Ponzo illusion, and orientation contrast illusions occurred less frequently, and that depth reversal of ambiguous figures took more time when subjects were lying on their side or supine compared to upright, thus suggesting that the gravitational reference plays a significant role in these “visual” illusions. The structure of images, our representation of the environment, and orientation relative to gravity are all integral parts in interpreting visual images. In a weightless environment where no gravitational reference can be used, it is expected that similar alterations in visual perception will occur.     

金属材料微裂纹取向与超声波和频非线性效应

针对非线性超声无损检测金属材料微裂纹取向角度的问题,开展了微裂纹取向与超声波的和频非线性效应研究,建立了超声和频非线性特征系数与微裂纹取向角度的关系模型。理论和有限元仿真实验结果表明,随着微裂纹取向角度的逐渐增大,超声和频非线性特征系数与微裂纹取向角度之间呈现明显的正相关趋势,而且相比二次非线性特征系数,和频非线性特征系数对微裂纹取向检测更为敏感。同时,从超声波平均能流密度（即声强）的角度出发,计算可知和频分量声强会随着微裂纹取向角度的增大而增大,而二次谐波声强基本不会发生变化,同时和频分量声强占比相比于二次谐波声强占比也得到了明显提高。超声波声强计算结果与仿真计算结果趋势基本一致,证明了理论模型的正确性。通过实验验证了模型的有效性,为金属材料微裂纹取向的检测提供了一种有效的手段。      

点阵单元类型和排布角度对传热特性的影响

基于瞬态液晶测试技术和数值仿真,在相同孔隙率条件下,研究了桁架型点阵结构的单元类型和排布角度对矩形通道壁面对流传热特性的影响.结果表明:点阵单元类型对壁面传热性能有决定性的影响,其中交叉排布的体心立方(body centered cubic-0,BCC-0)和Kagome-0点阵归因于出色的传热强化效果,雷诺数在5 7...     

基于语义相似度计算的航天标准关联度评价

随着航天领域各级各类标准编制数量的逐年递增，相关标准之间的交叉重复制定问题随之而来。为解决该问题，文中通过计算语义相似度的方法开展航天领域标准名称、标准范围及主要内容的关联度评价。算例分析结果表明，该方法可以有效评估标准间的关联程度。     

Predicting performance in manually controlled rendezvous and docking through spatial abilities

Manually controlled rendezvous and docking (manual RVD) is a challenging space task for astronauts. This study aims to identify spatial abilities that are critical for accomplishing manual RVD. Based on task analysis, spatial abilities were deduced to be critical for accomplishing manual RVD. 15 Male participants performed manual RVD task simulations and spatial ability tests (the object-manipulation spatial ability and spatial orientation ability). Participants’ performance in the test of visualization of viewpoints (which measures the spatial orientation ability) was found to be significantly correlated with their manual RVD performance, indicating that the spatial orientation ability in the sense of perspective taking is particularly important for accomplishing manual RVD.     

Statistical characteristics of low latitude Pc4s: Influence of solar wind and IMF parameters

Pc4 signatures for the year 2013, extracted from geomagnetic north–south and east–west components of induction coil magnetometer (LEMI 30) from low latitude station Desalpar (DSP), operated by Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), India have been investigated vis-à-vis the prevalent interplanetary parameters (IMF) as well as the geomagnetic activity indices. A clear dominance of Pc4-5 (467 events) over Pc3 (17 events) is observed. Local time variation of Pc4 shows a peak in the noon sector in both X and Y components. Our investigations show that the dominant peak frequency is 10 mHz at low latitude region. Correlations with solar wind and IMF parameters illustrate highest occurrence of Pc4 for a solar wind speed of 300–400 km/s and average IMF B field of 3–6 nT. The amplitude of Pc4s at DSP shows an increase with increasing solar wind speed, plasma density, solar wind dynamic pressure and average B field which is also reflected in the trend of frequency variation of these pulsations. We report that IMF clock angle at low latitude does not have influence on Pc4 occurrence. Based on the characteristics of these events, detected in latitudinally distributed stations from low and mid-latitudes from northern and southern hemisphere, we infer that modes were compressional, which could be driven by K-H instability or solar wind dynamic pressure, as compressional modes can propagate to low latitude with little attenuation.     

DD3单晶高温合金拉伸蠕变各向异性

研究了镍基单晶高温合金ＤＤ３（００１）,（０１１）,（１１１）取向光滑圆拉伸试样在７６０℃,８５０℃,９５０℃典型应力条件下的拉伸蠕变特征。试验发现,在较高蠕变应力水平时,ＤＤ３ 单晶合金具有明显且复杂的拉伸蠕变各向异性,且蠕变变形率及其对应力增加的敏感性的强弱顺序会随温度变化而发生变化。这归因于该合金的成分特征、蠕变应力、晶体取向决定的蠕变主滑移系类型（八面体、立方及二者混合）及位错移动动力学特点的不同