Study of geometric parameters for the design of short intakes with fan modelling

The flow over a short intake is characterised by a strong interaction with the fan, that can only be captured when the rotor blades are modelled in the numerical simulations. In this paper, we use a coupled methodology to derive indications about relevant geometric variables affecting the high-incidence operation of an ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan intake with a length-to-diameter ratio of 0.35. By reproducing the effect of the fan through a body force model, we carry out a parametric study of the influence of the contraction ratio and the scarf angle at take-off conditions for a grid of 28 different three-dimensional shapes. The analysis of the selected performance metrics distributions at three angles of attack of 16°, 24°, and 28° reveals that a contraction ratio higher than 1.20 is needed to avoid separation at high incidence. While for an attached inlet the best performance is found with a moderate scarf angle, in presence of a developed separation the distortion level reduces as the scarf decreases up to negative values. We discuss the correspondence between the distortion indexes and the flow field, highlighting the origin of the detachment for the different geometries, according to the operating condition, and analysing the fan operation in the most distorted case. Finally, we assess the influence of modelling the rotor in the simulations, showing that its suppression effect on the separation at a given incidence depends on the intake geometric features.     

某民用飞机显示系统仿真器的设计与实现

航电系统仿真平台以其灵活方便和低成本特点,支持综合航电系统的预先研究、方案设计、详细设计、系统综合,成为综合航电系统研制过程中不可或缺的设计手段。给出了IMA系统仿真平台显示系统仿真器的详细的设计和实现方案,首先介绍了IMA系统仿真平台的组成,接着介绍了显示系统仿真器的组成架构,并对显示系统仿真器的硬件配置、航电网络配置、人机交互界面和逻辑处理进行了详细的介绍。最后经过IMA系统仿真试验样件验收测试程序的测试,验证了显示系统仿真器满足验收测试程序的各项功能和性能要求,满足了该型号显示系统仿真器的试验要求。     

基于数字孪生的航班链延误动态预测模型

针对复杂多变的航班运行环境，提出一种基于数字孪生的航班链延误动态预测模型，以改善传统预测方法的精度及自适应性。模型基于数字孪生航班链系统构建，采用滑动窗口下的多通道特征建模完成单元级航班延误预测，并提出一种混合优化策略进行模型参数的动态优化，最后通过孪生数据驱动的链式分析方法实现了全航班链的延误分析与修正。采用国内航班数据进行实验，得到在各个窗口下的航班延误平均绝对误差（Mean absolute error, MAE）为11.79 min，低于其他基线模型和静态模型；且引入孪生数据驱动分析和修正后，紧随其后的航班预测误差比此前进一步降低了6.44%。结果表明，模型有利于数字孪生航班链系统实现虚实交互，并具有优良的预测精度和自适应性。     

Bayesian uncertainty analysis of SA turbulence model for supersonic jet interaction simulations

The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) models are still the workhorse in current engineering applications due to its high efficiency and robustness. However, the closure coefficients of RANS turbulence models are determined by model builders according to some simple fundamental flows, and the suggested values may not be applicable to complex flows, especially supersonic jet interaction flow. In this work, the Bayesian method is employed to recalibrate the closure coefficients of Spalart-Allma...     

多孔介质对圆柱-翼型干涉噪声的影响

采用LES（large eddy simulation）+FW-H（Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings）方程，研究了圆柱表面使用不同PPI（pore number per inch）和厚度的多孔介质对圆柱尾迹及圆柱-翼型干涉噪声的影响，探索了多孔介质的降噪规律和机理。结果表明：多孔介质能稳定圆柱表面的剪切层，抑制旋涡脱落，从而削弱尾迹对下游翼型的影响，圆柱单音噪声最大可降79 dB，翼型单音峰值降低13.22 dB，宽频噪声降低20 dB；多孔材料PPI的变化对降噪效果影响较小，而厚度是影响流场模态、降噪效果及气动性能的一个关键参数；多孔材料厚度合适时，圆柱-翼型流场形态为“剪切层模态”，可有效降低湍流干涉噪声；多孔材料厚度较小时，发现了一种流场形态，即“剪切层-尾迹模态”，导致翼型噪声增大；合适的多孔介质厚度不仅降噪效果显著，对圆柱-翼型的气动性能也有改善作用。     

Experimental study of hysteresis and catastrophe in a cavity-based scramjet combustor

Hystereses and catastrophes were experimentally investigated in a cavity-based scramjet combustor. The inflow Mach number was 3.0. Fuel Equivalence Ratio (ER) was continuously regulated with multi-steps to explore influences of historical regulation directions on combustion states. Two divided hysteresis loops with catastrophes were observed. By 1-D flow estimations, the first loop occurred with shock-free/separated scramjet mode transitions, while the second kept in the separated scramjet mode. This breaks through the traditional knowledge that hysteresis and catastrophe were certainly related to ramjet/scramjet mode transitions. The first hysteresis and catastrophes were attributed to flame stabilization mode transitions between the cavity shear-layer stabilized and the jet-wake stabilized, with flow separation establishment/vanishment upstream the cavities. The obvious variations of flame and shock/separation structures meant large wall-pressure changes in the expansive duct, and generated obvious thrust catastrophes. Besides, transition ER and catastrophe were larger in historical ER-increasing path because combustion efficiency became obviously larger as flow separation established. Difference of critical transition ERs meant the first hysteresis. The second hysteresis and catastrophes in the jet-wake stabilized mode were attributed to flame/shock interaction mode transitions between the flame/shock weak interaction mode and intensive interaction mode. Each transition caused slightly stronger/weaker flame interacting with slightly larger/smaller flow separation, which meant small wall-pressure changes in the expansive duct, and thus thrust catastrophe was unobvious. Hysteresis occurred as the critical transition ER was slightly higher in historical ER-increasing path because of slightly lower combustion efficiency under slightly smaller separation.     

Sajben扩压器复杂流动中湍流模型的性能评估

用8个常用的湍流模型对Sajben扩压器中跨声速流动进行了数值模拟，评估了Spalart-Allmaras， 标准k-ε， RNG (re-normalization group) k-ε，realizable k-ε，标准k-ω，SST(shear stress transport) k-ω，v2-f，Reynolds stress共8个湍流模型对激波/湍流边界层相互作用的模拟预测能力.通过与实验数据比较发现:SST k-ω模型和v2-f模型比其他模型模拟的更准确，其中SST k-ω模型比v2-f更能准确地预测壁面压力，然而对于分离点、再附点以及分离区长度v2-f比SST k-ω预测得更准确.      

Regularities between kinematic and aerodynamic characteristics of flexible membrane wing

The kinematic characteristics of flexible membrane wing have vital influences on its aerodynamic characteristics. To deeply explore the regularities between them, time-resolved aerodynamic forces and deformations at different aeroelastic parameters and angles of attack (α) were measured synchronously by wind tunnel experiments. The membrane motion can be mainly divided into two states at α > 0° with various lift-enhancement regularities: Deformed-Steady State (DSS) at pre-stall, and Dynamic Balance State (DBS) at around stall and post-stall. Besides, the mean camber, maximum vibration amplitude, and lift coefficient almost reach their maxima simultaneously within the DBS region. By introducing momentum coefficient C_μ of membrane vibration, positive correlation among amplitude, momentum and lift is successfully established, and the lift-enhancement mechanism of membrane vibration is revealed. Moreover, it is newly and surprisingly found that at different vibration modes, the maximum vibration amplitude and root mean square of vibration velocity present positive and linear correlation with different slopes, and their chordwise locations are basically consistent. Therefore, novel ideas for active control of flexible wing are proposed: by controlling the vibration amplitude, frequency, and mode, while selecting the specific chordwise locations for intensive excitation, C_μ can be efficiently increased. Ultimately, the aerodynamic performance will be improved.     

后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动和声学特性的影响

基于非线性谐波法和声类比模型，研究了不同后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动特性和噪声的影响规律。首先，利用单排螺旋桨风洞试验结果验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。随后，以某型对转螺旋桨为研究对象，研究了6种具有不同后排转子直径的对转螺旋桨模型。研究发现，对转螺旋桨后排转子直径“裁剪”会降低后排螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数，但对效率的影响不明显。随着后排转子直径的减小，前排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声几乎没有变化，但高阶噪声变化幅度较大。后排转子减小0.25倍直径，后排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声降低约为9 dB。后排转子直径“裁剪”不仅可以降低后排转子噪声，在一定程度上也可以降低前排转子的噪声。通过叶片“裁剪”，对转螺旋桨气动噪声降低5~6 dB。对转螺旋桨后排转子直径的减小，减弱了对转螺旋桨叶尖涡干涉和尾迹干涉，并减弱了前后排桨叶的势流场干涉，进而降低了对转螺旋桨的噪声辐射。     

模块化月球表层采样力学模型

因不受作业空间的限制，月球表层采样机具设计形式多样，为建模分析带来较大难度。为避免不同结构机具分析时重复建模，建立了一种模块化的月球表层采样力学模型。该模型将复杂的采样机具拆分成若干个基本面单元，基于朗肯土压力理论、最大抗剪强度理论和地基极限承载力理论对面单元在采样过程中的受力进行分析，组合各个面单元所受到的力获得复杂机具的力学模型。基于不同机具形式与贯入角度的模拟月壤贯入试验，对理论模型进行了试验验证，通过引入月壤密度沿深度的影响修正公式，将理论模型的误差率降低至8.2%。结果证明该力学模型和模块化理论可行，为后期月球表层采样机具的设计研发提供了参考。