超临界机翼介质阻挡放电等离子体流动控制

为了进一步提高等离子体激励器可控雷诺数,采用测力以及粒子图像测速(PIV)等研究方法,从二维机翼到三维半模,从低雷诺数到高雷诺数,开展了对称布局式介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体激励器控制超临界机翼气动特性的试验研究,分析了控制机理,实现了等离子体"虚拟舵面"的功能。结果表明:在雷诺数为2×10⁶的情况下,对称布局式等离子体气动激励能较好地抑制超临界机翼绕流流场分离,使失速迎角推迟2°,最大升力系数提高8.98%。     

静强度/耐久性初步结构优化设计方法

由于有限元模型精度的限制,在以往初步结构设计中难于开展耐久性分析,这样会在结构设计中埋下疲劳寿命不足的问题,增加结构细节设计的难度,甚至引发结构超重问题。针对这一问题,在飞机结构的变精度模型技术和细节疲劳额定值方法的基础上,提出了静强度与耐久性综合约束下的初步结构设计方法,将耐久性设计分析工作从详细结构设计后期提前到初步结构设计阶段,并以某一折叠机翼为研究对象,在其结构选型与布置中就对关键结构（内外翼连接耳片）中的应力进行控制,通过多工况优化设计保证了连接耳片的疲劳裕度大于零,这样可以有效地减少详细结构设计中由于疲劳寿命不足而引起的多次迭代设计,并有助于获得更轻量化的结构设计。     

先进舰载战斗机强度设计技术发展与实践

舰载战斗机是航空母舰上的主要武器,为满足舰面起飞、着舰和停放等要求,舰载机需围绕起落架系统、拦阻钩系统和翼面折叠系统等"特征结构"进行设计。先进舰载战斗机着舰冲击能量是陆基飞机的6倍以上、拦阻带来的水平载荷超过陆基飞机的15倍,因此特征结构的高载荷对强度设计提出了更高的要求。围绕舰载机"特征结构"及"特征载荷",开展了主要的设计工作,包括："特征载荷"计算,即起落架载荷、拦阻载荷和折叠载荷计算;"特征结构"的强度设计及试验验证,包括起落架系统、拦阻系统、翼面折叠系统的动力学仿真计算、静/疲强度分析、折叠翼面的非线性颤振分析以及综合试验验证;"特征载荷"对其他机体结构强度的影响分析,包括着舰载荷对起落架支撑结构强度的影响、拦阻载荷对后机身支撑结构强度的影响、拦阻着舰的全机动力学响应以及着舰载荷与拦阻载荷的共同作用对全机结构强度的影响;体现舰载机"特征结构"强度特点的试验验证方法等。上述研究成果已成功应用于先进舰载战斗机设计中。     

扑翼飞行器动力系统建模方法

为快速评估扑翼飞行器的航时,便于针对不同扑动翼进行动力系统设计与优化,逐步减少实物验证与试飞,加快扑翼飞行器的研制,基于实验数据参数辨识的方法建立了包含直流无刷电机、电调（ESC）、锂电池和扑动机构等扑翼飞行器动力系统组件的动态模型,其中电机模型相对误差小于10%,锂电池动态模型相对误差小于6%;提出了一种基于风洞试验气动数据和功率数据的扑动轴瞬时气动载荷半经验高精度建模方法,解决了气动载荷测量较为困难的问题,模型确定系数大于0.89;集成以上模型后的扑翼飞行器仿真系统还包含扑动翼周期平均气动模型、平尾气动模型和纵向控制模型,确保仿真在动态配平状态下进行,可进行全任务剖面航时仿真,航时仿真与实际试飞结果相比误差小于3%。集成的扑翼飞行器仿真系统采用模块化建模思想,各模型参数独立可调,能进一步应用于扑翼飞行器多学科优化等研究。     

飞翼布局无人机进排气影响及机理分析

进气道尾喷管的存在不仅影响着飞机机身前后的流场特性与压力分布,而且影响着飞机升力特性、阻力特性以及力矩特性.为了研究进排气效应对飞机气动特性的影响,采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟技术,建立飞翼布局无人机(UAV)堵锥整流模型和动力影响模型,其中动力影响模型是根据发动机不同的工作状态,在进气道以及尾喷管截面上设置不同的边界条件,对比分析这两种计算模型在流场特征和气动特性上的差异性,揭示内在的影响机理.进排气效应的研究有助于飞机/发动机的一体化气动综合设计.      

复杂边界条件下的多跨梁的振动模型

对Timoshenko梁的横向自由振动方程进行推导,进而运用传递矩阵法给出了复杂边界条件下的多跨梁的自由振动模型.在不考虑梁的剪切变形和绕中性轴的转动惯量的影响的情况下,模型简化成了Bernoulli-Euler梁的格式.通过分析,给出了3个具有工程意义的简化模型,分别是双跨梁、悬臂梁带有集中质量模型及带有任意拉压弹簧和集中质量的自由振动模型.简化模型的分析结果与已有文献的分析结果相比具有很好的一致性,表明本文建立的模型是合理可用的.      

Experimental investigations of a full model with adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings

The morphing wing concept aims to constantly adapt the aerodynamics to different flight stages. The wing is able to adapt to different flight conditions by an adjustable Aspect Ratio (AR) and sweep. A high AR configuration provides high aerodynamic efficiency, while a low AR configuration, with highly swept wings offers a good maneuverability. Additionally, the flexible membrane allows the wing surface to stretch and contract in-plane as well as the airfoil to adapt to different aerodynamic loads. In the context of this work, the aerodynamic characteristics of a full model with form-adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings are investigated experimentally. The focus is on the high-lift regime and on the analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients as well as their sensitivities. Especially, the lateral aerodynamic derivatives at asymmetric wing positions are of interest.     

Continuous morphing trailing-edge wing concept based on multi-stable nanomaterial

Morphing technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the flight efficiency of aircraft. Traditional control surfaces based morphing method is mature and widely used on current civil and military aircraft, but insufficiently effective for the entire flight envelope. Recent research on morphing wing still faces the challenge that the skin material for morphing should be both deformable and stiff. In this study, a continuous morphing trailing-edge wing with a new multi-stable nano skin material fabricated using surface mechanical attrition treatment technology was proposed and designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the aerodynamic performance of the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing. Results show that the lift coefficient increases with the increase of deflection angle and so does the lift-drag ratio at a small angle of attack. More importantly, compared with the wing using flaps, the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing can reduce drag during the morphing process and its overall aerodynamic performance is improved at a large angle of attack range. Flow field analysis reveals that the continuous morphing method can delay flow separation in some situations.     

螺旋桨/机翼相互干扰的非定常数值模拟

针对太阳能无人机分布式螺旋桨滑流问题,采用基于结构/非结构混合网格的CFD方法进行了非定常数值模拟.通过截取翼段消除有限翼展三维效应的影响并简化研究对象,将滑移网格和转捩模型应用于数值模拟;分别研究了螺旋桨位于翼段前方和后方的情况,并与干净螺旋桨和干净翼段进行对比.结果表明:螺旋桨位于翼段前方或后方均使得翼段升力、阻力、低头力矩增加并呈周期性波动,同时螺旋桨位于翼段后方时对翼段的影响较小;而翼段的存在使得螺旋桨的拉力、吸收功率和效率增加并呈周期性波动,流场的非均匀性导致了螺旋桨振动.      

Effect of beam current on microstructures and mechanical properties of joints of TZM/30CrMnSiA by electron beam welding

Electron beam welding experiments of TZM alloy and 30CrMnSiA steel butt joints were carried out with different beam currents. Microstructures and chemical compositions of typical zones were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile strength tests. Besides, nanoindentation tests were carried out to compare the brittleness of the reaction layer and other typical microstructures. The results illustrated that the reaction layer at the interface between fusion zone (FZ) and TZM alloy was the weak position of the joint, which was divided into Fe₂Mo layer and a mixture layer of Fe₂Mo and α-Fe phases. As the beam current increased, the thickness of the Fe₂Mo layer decreased, which resulted in the increasing of the tensile strength of the joints. When the beam current exceeded 24 mA, the formation of the joint was poor with a low tensile strength. When the beam current was 24 mA, the joint presented the highest strength of 191.3 MPa and the joint fractured along the Fe₂Mo layer near the TZM alloy side with a brittle fracture mode.