Effects of synthetic jet frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of synthetic jet actuation frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct. The Reynolds number based on the entrance height was 9.78×105. At first, the numerical model was validated with experimental data, and then, the interaction between the separated flow and the synthetic jets at different frequencies was discussed. The results demonstrate that the control effect is significantly dependent on the momentum mixing enhancement between inside of the separated boundary layer and the outer flow. There exists a narrow range of actuation frequency, in which effective separation control can be achieved using synthetic jets. A dimensionless frequency F+=1.0 is identified as the optimal frequency, with a momentum coefficient of 1.62×10-3, the separation area is reduced about 46%, and the aerodynamic performance of the S-duct is also greatly improved compared to uncontrolled case. Further analysis reveals that the choice of actuation frequency is mainly determined by the momentum flux produced by a single ejection and the spacing between adjacent ejections, the optimal frequency case can be understood as a balance between the two factors. In addition, it is found that the synthetic jets can also suppress the secondary flows while decreasing the separation.      

高声强下多狭缝共振腔的吸声性能

为深入理解高入射声强下多狭缝共振腔吸声机理,采用低频散低耗散的计算气动声学方法对二维多狭缝共振腔开展直接数值模拟研究.首先对标准单狭缝共振腔计算结果进行验证,随后相同的数值模拟方法被应用于相同穿孔率的多狭缝共振腔的数值模拟中.结果显示:高声强下涡脱落对吸声系数的贡献占据了主导地位,各入射频率下均超过68%.多狭缝低频时会导致脱落涡总能量的下降,而高频时升高;而黏性耗散作用随着共振腔狭缝数目的增加而增强.因此综合作用下低频时多狭缝共振腔对吸声效果影响不大,但在高频时多狭缝共振腔有更好的吸声效果.      

多喷嘴构型的轴对称氢氧加热器设计与仿真

为了使氢氧燃烧加热器满足自由射流试验台工作需要并获得均匀的出口气流参数,采用同轴剪切式7个喷嘴轴对称构型喷注器,利用CFD仿真软件对其进行了三维反应流场计算,燃烧模型采用氢氧单步反应模型,获得了设计工况下的参数.计算结果表明:燃烧效率随着中心喷嘴与外围喷嘴距离L与喷注面板半径R之比(L/R)的增大先上升后下降;喷注面板的温度随着L/R的增大而降低,最终维持在600K左右;加热器出口的氧气摩尔分数以及总温的均匀性基本不随着L/R变化而变化;出口主流区的马赫数在6左右满足设计要求.在各个喷嘴的影响区域大致相等时,加热器综合性能良好.氢氧速度比越大,完全燃烧所需区域越短,喷注面板温度越高.与单喷嘴、19个喷嘴的加热器比较发现7个喷嘴的构型较为合理.      

煤基喷气燃料在地面单管燃烧室内燃烧和排放特性研究

为研究煤基喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性,通过改造的单管燃烧室评估了煤基喷气燃料和石油基RP-3喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性差异.试验结果表明:煤基喷气燃料具有更加优异的贫油点火和贫油熄火性能,两种喷气燃料的燃烧和排放特性随燃油流量和燃烧室出口温度的改变呈现出一致的变化趋势,在相同质量流量下,煤基喷气燃料的燃烧和排放性能要低于RP-3,在相同燃烧室出口温度时,煤基喷气燃料燃烧时的壁温要低于RP-3.      

带执行装置的压气机系统建模及仿真

针对压气机主动稳定控制对模型的要求,以Moore-Greitzer模型为基础,首先将模型进行空间离散化,用平均分布在压气机周向环面的离散位置点来描述流量扰动,建立了反映压气机周向动态特性的多维状态空间模型;其次以喷气装置作为主动稳定控制系统的执行装置,通过分析加入喷气装置后对流动区域产生的质量和动量影响,同时考虑气流从喷气装置出口到压气机起始平面存在的时间滞后,建立了带执行装置的压气机系统动态模型.以某压气机为例,对压气机失速行为及喷气状态下对失速的抑制作用进行仿真,结果表明:所建立的模型可以反映压气机旋转失速动态过程,通过控制喷气流量能拓展压气机的稳定工作范围,有效抑制压气机失速,模型可用于压气机主动稳定控制系统分析与设计.      

煤基喷气燃料代用组分神经网络混合构建方法

为了建立航空燃料的喷雾模型,用于高保真液雾燃烧数值模拟,提出了基于人工神经网络混合模型的煤基喷气燃料代用组分构建方法.基于这一构建方法,重点针对煤基喷气燃料的雾化特性,利用多组分混合燃料的理化性质数据库对神经网络进行训练,获得了混合燃料理化性质隐式预测模型,结合随机投点优化方法,构建出能够很好地模拟煤基喷气燃料目标理化性质的代用组分.结果表明:该代用组分包含了5种碳氢化合物成分,摩尔分数为11.46%正癸烷、23.29%正十二烷、49.87%正十四烷、6.66%异辛烷和8.72%甲基环己烷.通过雾化特性实验,验证了代用组分对真实燃料雾化性能的模拟效果.该代用组分构建方法可以较好地解决混合燃料模拟过程中的非线性问题,通过改变目标理化性质可构建出相应代用组分.      

Design and implementation of rigid-flexible coupling for a half-flexible single jack nozzle

The aerodynamic design of a rigid-flexible coupling profile is the decisive factor for the flow-field quality of a supersonic free jet wind tunnel nozzle, and its mechanic dynamic features are the key for engineering implementation of continuous Mach number regulations. To fulfill the requirements of a free jet inlet/engine compatibility test within a wide simulation envelop, both uni-form flow-fields of continuous acceleration and deceleration are necessary. In this paper, the aero-dynamic design methods of an expansion wall and machinery implementation plan for the half-flexible single jack nozzle were researched. The profile control in nozzle flexible plate design was studied with a rigid-flexible coupling method. Design and calculations were performed with the help of numerical simulation. The technique of axial free stretching of the flexible plate was used to improve the matching performance between the designed elasticity profile and the theoretical one, and the rigid-flexible coupling structure was calibrated by wind tunnel tests. Results indicate that the flexible plate aerodynamic design method used here is effective and feasible. Via rigid-flexible coupling design, the flexible plate agrees with the rigid body very well, and continuous Mach number changes can be achieved during the tests. The nozzle’s exit flow-field uniformity meets the requirements of China Military Standard (GJB).     

基于OpenFOAM的真实流体模型库及均相求解器开发

为了正确认识高压环境下的流体非理想性特征,及其对于低温射流喷雾过程的影响作用,将多种不同真实流体模型写入到开源CFD程序OpenFOAM仿真平台中,编译形成具有广泛通用性的真实流体热物理模型库;并将高压下真实流体特征的影响引入到压力修正算法中;开发出适用于描述超临界环境下低温流体流动过程的均相求解器。对高压下流体热物理性质的非理想性,以及超临界环境下的低温液氮射流喷注过程进行研究。结果表明:高压下的真实流体效应主要体现在低温区域,本文所建立的模型库可以在任意热力学状态范围内正确预测流体热物性;基于此模型库所开发的均相求解器可正确预测超临界环境下低温射流的详细流动特征和结构,而理想气体模型则会大幅低估射流核心区密度分布,中心线上误差高达68.9%;综合考虑计算精度和效率,PR EoS及相关模型更适合于这类超临界流动问题的求解;低温射流跨临界喷注中局部区域所发生的虚假沸腾现象会导致射流温升速率降低、体积膨胀速率加快;射流核心区压缩因子明显1,在数值仿真时必须考虑高压环境下的真实流体效应。     

预燃式等离子体射流点火器工作特性实验研究

为解决发动机点火包线小于飞行包线的实际问题,提供等离子体点火技术在航空发动机中的工程应用新思路,论文设计了一种预燃式等离子体射流点火器,实验研究了放电特性和射流特性。结果表明,预燃式等离子体射流点火器与空气等离子体射流点火器相比,在提升射流能量降低电源功率方面有着较大的优势,电流相同时通入甲烷在较大流量时可减小驱动电源功率,总流量为44L/min时,减幅可达14.99%;同时预燃式等离子体射流较空气等离子体射流稳定,且射流长度增加,扩大了点火面积,有利于点火。     

基于自适应网格的超声速液体射流破碎过程研究

为研究超声速气流中液体横向射流的破碎过程,采用脉冲背景光方法和VOF方法开展了实验和数值研究。为提高液体横向射流中气液界面和气流场特征捕捉的精确性,采用自适应网格技术对于气液界面、激波出现位置进行网格细化,计算得到了较为精细的气液界面、激波特征及涡系结构。研究结果表明:在低成本仿真模拟条件下,利用自适应网格计算得到的射流轨迹和轮廓与实验吻合较好,射流轨迹的最大误差为10%;射流初始段在超声速气流条件下,仍然存在一段高度约为1.9倍喷孔直径且圆柱形态保持较好的连续光滑液柱。随着喷注压降的升高,液柱的长度逐渐增大;主流气体流经液柱发生三维绕流,在射流附近和近壁面区域形成不断演化的反转涡对,反转涡对的形成加速了液体射流一次破碎过程。