The global response of terrestrial ionosphere to the December 2015 space weather event

This paper investigates the ionospheric storm of December 19–21, 2015, which was initiated by two successive CME eruptions that caused a G3 space weather event. We used the in situ electron density (N_e) and electron temperature (T_e) and the Total Electron Content (TEC) measurements from SWARM-A satellite, as well as the O/N₂ observations from TIMED/GUVI to study the ionospheric impact. The observations reveal the longitudinal and hemispherical differences in the ionospheric response to the storm event. A positive ionospheric storm was observed over the American, African and Asian regions on 20 December, and the next day showed a negative storm. Both these exhibited hemispheric differences. A positive storm was observed over the East Pacific region on 21 December. It is seen that the net effect of both the disturbance dynamo electric field and composition differences become important in explaining the observed variability in topside ionospheric densities. In addition, we also discuss the T_e variations that occurred as a consequence of the space weather event.     

考虑汽化的喷嘴高温气流注水两相流动规律

针对某火箭发动机考虑汽化的注水气液两相流问题，研究了液态水的汽化机理。根据不同环境压力下水的饱和温度建立了汽化模型，编制适合于液态水的专用汽化相变求解程序，并通过添加汽化组分源项及热源项的方法将汽化相变计算嵌入到多相流场控制方程中，实现了考虑液态水汽化相变的三维多相流场求解。结合经典算例进行了对比，特征点的两相流场温度计算值和试验的误差控制在8.5%以内，验证了程序三维计算的可靠性。距火箭喷嘴不同距离横截面的两相质量转化率曲线显示，质量转化率从最低值上升到最高值，然后降低到最低值，揭示了考虑相变的气液两相相间反应转化机理。该方法可为运载火箭发射平台发射起始阶段水室的汽化降温提供参考。