跨声速压气机转子叶尖非定常流场数值研究

采用时间精确求解方法对某高负荷跨声速轴流压气机转子在98%设计转速下的叶尖非定常流场进行了数值研究.结果显示,激波自身振荡不明显,叶尖区域流动的非定常性主要来源于叶尖泄漏涡的破碎及其与激波之间的相互干涉.对比设计状态与失速状态下叶尖泄漏涡的特点发现:在近失速点时,叶尖区域间歇性出现前缘溢流.分析表明:叶尖泄漏涡在激波后破碎是造成堵塞的主要原因,也是造成spike型失速初始扰动的原因.      

气膜孔局部堵塞对叶片压力面冲击-扰流柱-气膜结构综合冷却效率的影响

运用数值模拟方法研究了气膜孔局部堵塞对叶片压力面上射流冲击-扰流柱-气膜结构综合冷却效率的影响,重点分析了堵塞位置和堵塞比的影响。研究结果表明：无论是气膜孔内无堵塞还是存在局部堵塞情形,随着吹风比增大,综合冷却效率均呈现逐渐增大的趋势;在低的吹风比下,气膜孔出口-尾缘局部堵塞的综合冷却效率略低于无堵塞气膜孔,而在气膜孔进口-前缘和气膜孔出口-前缘的局部堵塞则导致综合冷却效率有较为轻微的上升;在高吹风比下,位于气膜孔出口-前缘和气膜孔进口-前缘的局部堵塞能够抑制气膜射流与主流相互作用所形成的卵形涡,从而冷却效率下降较少,而气膜孔出口-尾缘的局部堵塞则导致综合冷却效率降低较多;堵塞比对壁面沿程综合冷却效率的影响呈现非单调的变化趋势,这是由于冲击-扰流柱-气膜整体式冷却结构的冷却效果取决于内部强化传热和外部气膜防护的多重作用机制。     

径向孔形状对针栓式喷注器液膜下漏率的影响

为了研究径向孔形状对针栓式喷注器液膜下漏率的影响并对其进行准确预估,以径向圆孔液束的相对变形模型为基础,通过类比分析提出了矩形孔的相对变形理论模型,并考虑多喷注单元间相互影响和不同高宽比矩形孔的绕流侧边效应,首次建立了径向矩形孔的下漏率模型。通过试验及数值仿真对模型进行了验证分析,结果表明理论预估结果与数值仿真及试验结果吻合较好,也表明针对矩形孔建立的相对变形模型及下漏率模型具有较好的准确性。另外,研究表明矩形孔的下漏率除了与几何阻塞率、有效动量比及液膜厚度与液束孔宽度之比有关外,还与高宽比有关;3种不同高宽比情况下的下漏率均显著小于几何下漏率;同时下漏率随有效动量比增大而增大的趋势均较平缓。综合分析径向圆孔和3种不同高宽比矩形孔的结果发现,在径向孔横截面积及流量等工况参数完全相同的情况下,径向孔形状对下漏率有显著的影响,矩形孔的下漏率显著低于圆形孔的;矩形孔的高宽比越大,下漏率越大。实际应用中选择矩形孔更有利于控制下漏率,并可通过改变高宽比控制下漏率;同时在变工况过程中,矩形孔的下漏流量也会随着主路推进剂一起调节变化,保持下漏率变化不大,故具有较好的大范围变推力流量匹配特性。     

捷联式反辐射导引头角跟踪技术研究

对于工作在低频段的地空反辐射导引头,传统的稳定平台式导引头无法满足小口径要求,为此采用捷联干涉仪体制。但是采用该体制后,天线是固定安装在弹体上的,无法直接提取比例导引指令,必须寻求新的解决方案。针对该问题,提出采用捷联式角跟踪与解耦方法来消除导引头的弹体姿态扰动耦合,实现视线稳定跟踪。首先,给出了捷联式角跟踪与解耦技术的工作原理与实现方法,在此基础上,对系统进行了仿真建模与性能分析。结果表明,测量误差和噪声较小时,该方法能获得较好的解耦与跟踪性能,所得结果为捷联式导引头角跟踪系统的工程实现提供了理论基础,也为未来导引头的小型化需求提供了一种新的解决方案。     

叶型探针对轴流压气机性能试验结果的影响

基于近年来所录取的大量压气机试验数据,详细分析了叶型探针对轴流压气机各项性能参数的影响,并对某型低负荷轴流压气机进行了稳定性试验,比较了80％设计转速下压气机在安装叶型探针前后稳定裕度的变化。结果表明：叶型探针对轴流压气机设计与非设计状态性能均会产生一定的负面影响,对于静叶高度不低于20mm的轴流压气机,其性能数据测量误差范围约在2％以内;压气机级增压能力所受到的影响程度与流道堵塞比有关,堵塞比越大,级静压比下降越多;安装叶型探针后,压气机的失速点流量增加,稳定裕度降低。     

7一种双S形进气道流场特性殛控制的试验研究

In order to provide the line of-sight blockage of the engine face for an advanced Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle(UCAV), a highly curved serpentine inlet is proposed and experimentally studied. Based on the static pressure distribut ion measurement along the wall, the flow separation is found at the top wall of the second S duct for the baseline inlet design, which yields a high flow distortion at the exit plane. To improve the flow uniformity, a single array of vortex generators (VGs) is employed within the inlet. In this experimental study, the effects of mass flow ratio, free stream Mach number, angle of attack and yaw on the performance of a serpentine inlet instrumented with VGs are obtained. Results indicate: (1) Compared with the baseline serpentine design without flow control the application of the VGs promotes the mixing of core flow and the low momentum flow in the boundary layer and thus prevents the flow separation. Under the design condition, the exit flow distortion (

) decreases from 11. 7% to 2.3% by using the VGs. (2) With the descent of the free stream Mach number the total pressure loss decreases. How ever, the circular total pressure distortion increases. When the angle of attack rises from - 4° to 8°, the total pressure recovery and the circular total pressure distortion both go down. In addition, with the increase of yaw the total pressure recovery is fairly constant, while the circular total pressure distortion ascends gradually. (3) When Ma₀=0.6-0.8, α= −4°-8° and β= 0°-6°, the total pressure recovery varies between 0.936 and 0.961, the circular total pressure distortion coefficient varies between 1.4% and 5.4% and the synthesis distortion coefficient has a ranges from 3.8% to 7.0%. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of the newly designed serpentine inlet incorporating VGs.     

一种特殊情形下风洞M≥1跨声速均匀流场的建立

在中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速所FL 24(1.2m×1.2m)跨超声速风洞中,通过采用减小风洞柔壁喷管喉道截面积的方法,成功地在风洞超扩段内装有大堵塞度六自由度机构情形下建立了均匀M≥1跨声速流场。流场校测结果表明,所获得的跨声速流场均匀性指标能满足试验要求,较为成功地解决了FL 24风洞进行跨声速CTS试验的问题,具有实际应用价值。     

多级轴流压气机出口级转子扩张通道优化设计

为提高多级轴流压气机后面级气动性能,针对某多级轴流压气机出口级转子搭建了基于遗传算法和神经网络代理模型的扩张通道压气机优化设计平台,并对其进行扩张通道优化设计研究。根据优化得到的数据库分析了各设计参数对效率和裕度的影响规律。在优化所得解集中选择了两个扩张通道设计方案,探究了其对效率和裕度的影响规律和机制。结果表明:扩张通道设计可使出口级转子在设计流量点的负荷提高12.1%、效率提高1.28%,同时获得12.50%的裕度改善量。基于当地熵产率损失模型可得,扩张通道转子相较于原型转子,其上下端壁损失增加,叶型损失减小。扩张通道转子近失速点堵塞系数变小是其裕度提升的主要原因。      

Experimental and numerical study of tip injection in a subsonic axial flow compressor

Parametric study of tip injection was implemented experimentally on a subsonic axial flow compressor to understand the underlying flow mechanisms of stability improvement of the compressor with discrete tip injection.Injector throat height varied from 2 to 6 times the height of rotor tip clearance,and circumferential coverage percentage ranged from 8.3％ to 25％ of the annulus.Static pressure fluctuations over the rotor tip were measured with fast-response pressure transducers.Whole-passage time-accurate simulations were also carried out to help us understand the flow details.The combinations of tip injection with traditional casing treatments were experi mentally studied to generate an engineering-acceptable method of compressor stall control.The results indicate that the maximum stability improvement is achieved when injectors are choked despite their different sizes.The effect of circumferential coverage percentage on compressor stabil ity depends on the value of injector throat height for un-choked injectors,and vice versa.Tip blockage in the blade passage is greatly reduced by the choked injectors,which is the primary reason for stability enhancement.The accomplishment of blockage diminishment is maintained in the circumferential direction with the unsteady effect of tip injection,which manifests as a hysteresis between the recovery of tip blockage and the recovery of tip leakage vortex.The unsteady effect is primarily responsible for the effectiveness of tip injection with a partial circumferential coverage.Tip injection cannot enhance the stability of the rotor with axial slots significantly,but it can improve the stabil ity of the rotor with circumferential grooves further.The combined structure of tip injection with circumferential grooves is an alternative for engineering application.     

跨声速风扇转子叶尖小翼设计与扩稳机理研究

为了揭示叶尖小翼对跨声速风扇转子气动性能的影响机理,采用数值模拟方法研究了跨声速风扇转子NASA Rotor 67附加不同叶尖小翼的气动特性,并在分析不同叶顶间隙时风扇转子失稳机制的基础上探究了叶尖小翼的扩稳机理。研究结果表明:最大宽度的压力面小翼在小间隙、设计间隙和大间隙情况下分别使风扇转子失速裕度提高32%,33.6%和70.6%。小间隙时,转子叶尖泄漏涡和叶片吸力面附面层分离是影响风扇转子失稳的关键因素,设计间隙和大间隙时,叶尖泄漏涡导致的大面积阻塞区是影响风扇转子失稳的关键。三种不同叶顶间隙情况下,压力面小翼的扩稳机制均在于有效降低了转子叶尖泄漏涡强度,减弱了叶尖泄漏涡导致的低轴向速度区流体的阻塞程度。