空间流场显示的一种新方法──激光片光运动法

用一套能在气垫滑轨上平稳运动的激光片光运动系统，对湍流边界层及其拟序结构进行了空间流场显示，并对其应用范围、使用方法和技术等进行了研究。实验结果表明，这种空间显示法不仅能够较好地揭示流场的空间结构，而且与其它空间流场显示法相比，具有费用低，操作方便，应用范围较广，易于对照片进行准确的定量分析等优点。     

基于ICCD的空间微光成像系统成像性能研究

研究基于像增强型CCD（ICCD）的空间高分辨率微光成像系统的成像性能。通过理论推导及数学仿真的方法，对系统在微光条件下的能量传递、极限分辨力、信噪比以及调制传递函数进行分析计算。研究表明，系统在黎明照度条件下具有较好探测能力，通过对ICCD器件制冷可以有效提高系统信噪比，实现满月照度的探测成像。     

红外辐射测量系统内部杂散辐射建模与仿真

杂散辐射是影响光学系统性能的重要因素,对于红外光学系统,除了外部杂散辐射,还须考虑系统自身结构产生的内部杂散辐射。为提高红外辐射计内部杂散辐射分析的精度,建立了 1种基于复合蒙特卡洛法的内部杂散辐射数学模型。首先,将红外辐射计的内部杂散辐射源根据位置分为 2部分:遮光罩入瞳处的热辐射和辐射计内部光学元件、机械部分所发出的热辐射。对于遮光罩入瞳处和辐射计内部光机元件发出的杂散辐射,分别采用正向蒙特卡洛法和反向蒙特卡洛法进行追踪,得到探测器接收面入瞳处的杂散辐射辐照度分布,进而分析不同位置的发射源对接收面入瞳处的杂散辐射贡献。最后,与直接模拟仿真结果进行对比。实验结果表明,在追迹光线数相等的情况下,该方法的精度更高。仿真结果体现了红外辐射计各部分杂散辐射对探测器入瞳面接收到的杂散辐射造成的影响,对后期开展内部杂散辐射抑制提供了方向。     

可被蓝光激发的白光LED用红色荧光粉材料体系与发光性能研究

综述并讨论了目前研究的可被蓝光LED芯片有效激发且具有宽发射带的红色荧光粉，可以得出：白光LED用红色荧光粉主要包括碱土金属硫化物、新型氮化物及硅酸盐等，这些红色荧光粉均可被460 nm蓝光激发，并具有宽发射光谱的特点。同时着重分析了其晶体结构与荧光性能之间的联系，并探讨了高显色指数和色温可调的白光LED用红色荧光粉下一步的研究方向与应用趋势。     

Scientific requirements for future spatially resolved white-light and broad-band high-cadence observations of the Sun

Several important issues are open in the field of solar variability and they wait their solution which up to now was attempted using critical ground-based instrumentations. However, accurate photometric data are attainable only from space. New observational material should be collected with high enough spatial and spectral resolution, covering the whole visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum as well infrared and ultraviolet to reconstruct the total solar irradiance: (1) the absolute contributions of different small-scale structural entities of the solar atmosphere from the white light flares and from micro-flares are still poorly known; (2) we do not know the absolute contributions of different structural elements of the solar atmosphere to the long-term and to the cyclic variations of the solar irradiance, including features of the polar regions of the Sun; (3) the variations of the chromospheric magnetic network are still poorly evaluated; (4) only scarce information is available about the spectral variations of different small-scale features in the high photosphere. Variability of the Sun in white light can be studied with higher spectral, spatial and time resolution using space-born telescopes, which are more appropriate for this purpose than ground based observatories because of better seeing conditions, no interference of the terrestrial atmosphere and a more precise calibration procedure. Scientific requirements for such observations and the possible experimental tools proposed for their solution. Suggested solar studies have broader astrophysical importance.     

Three-line structured light vision system for non-cooperative satellites in proximity operations

Adapter ring is a commonly used component in non-cooperative satellites, which has high strength and is suitable to be recognized and grasped by the space manipulator. During proximity operations, this circle feature may be occluded by the robot arm or limited field of view. Moreover, the captured images may be underexposed when there is not enough illumination. To address these problems, this paper presents a structured light vision system with three line lasers and a monocular camera. The lasers project lines onto the surface of the satellite, and six break points are formed along both sides of the adapter ring. A closed-form solution for real-time pose estimation is given using these break points. Then, a virtual structured light platform is constructed to simulate synthetic images of the target satellite. Compared with the predefined camera parameters and relative positions, the proposed method is demonstrated to be more effective, especially at a close distance. Besides, a physical space verification system is set up to prove the effectiveness and robustness of our method under different light conditions. Experimental results indicate that it is a practical and effective method for the pose measurement of on-orbit tasks.     

HORACE: A compact cold atom clock for Galileo

HORACE (HOrloge à Refroidissement d’Atomes en Cellule = clock based on atoms cooled from vapour cell) is a compact cold caesium atom clock developed in SYRTE at Paris Observatory. This clock can operate both on ground and in microgravity environment. Design of HORACE is based on isotropic light cooling, allowing performing the whole clock sequence (cooling, atomic preparation, Ramsey interrogation and detection) at the same place. Compared to more conventional cold atom clocks such as atomic fountains, the use of isotropic light cooling simplifies both the optical part of the setup and the detection sequence, and leads to a drastic size reduction of the physics package. Very good short-term performances have been demonstrated at SYRTE since relative frequency instability of 2.2 × 10⁻¹³ τ^−1/2 has been obtained. Optimization of the long term stability is still under progress and current results show relative frequency instability around 3 × 10⁻¹⁵ in 10⁴ s of integration. With these performances, HORACE appears as a good candidate both for Galileo’s ground segment clock and for onboard Galileo clock.     

供距离测量用的光波长度标准

介绍用相位测距仪实现波长标准及在大长度范围内传递长度单位尺寸的情况。其传递精度好于通常采用方法。     

Minimizing energy utilization for growing strawberries during long-duration space habitation

Strawberry is a candidate crop for space that is rich in protective antioxidants and could also have psychological benefits as a component of crew diets during long-duration space habitation. Energy for electric lighting is a major input to a controlled-environment crop-production system for space habitation. Day-neutral strawberry cultivars were evaluated at several different photoperiods to determine minimum lighting requirements without limiting yield or negatively impacting fruit quality. The cultivars ‘Tribute’, ‘Seascape’, and ‘Fern’ were grown at 14, 17, or 20 h of light per day, and fruit yield was evaluated over a 31-week production period. This amounted to a difference of 2418 kWh m⁻² in energy usage between the longest and shortest photoperiods. All cultivars produced similar total fresh weight of fruit regardless of photoperiod. Volunteer tasters rated organoleptic characteristics including sweetness, tartness, texture, and overall appeal as measures of fruit quality. Generally, organoleptic attributes were not affected by photoperiod, but these attributes were somewhat dependent upon cultivar and harvest time. Cultivars under different photoperiods varied in their production of fruit over time. ‘Seascape’ was the most consistent producer, typically with the largest, most palatable fruit. ‘Seascape’ plants subsequently were grown at 10-, 12-, or 14-h photoperiods over a treatment period of 33 weeks. Photoperiod again had no significant effect on total fruit weight, although there were periodic flushes of productivity. Fruit under all photoperiods had acceptable approval ratings. A large-fruited, day-neutral strawberry cultivar such as ‘Seascape’ remains productive under shortened photoperiods, allowing reductions in energy and crew labor while maintaining flexibility for mixed-cropping scenarios in space.     

基于光敏树脂分析的3D打印加速度传感器设计

MEMS加速度传感器所采用的硅微机械加工技术存在个性化定制、小批量生产成本方面的不足，而3D打印技术的优势就在于无需模具的自由化定制、一机多用实现低成本产品生产，3D打印的发展趋势就是实现微纳尺度结构的制造。在此背景下，采用光固化立体成型技术设计了一种3D打印压阻式加速度传感器结构。传感器基底使用耐高温光敏树脂制作，并采用丝网印刷工艺在基底表面印制导电碳浆形成应变计结构。为此，首先对耐高温光敏树脂的相关热学与机械性能进行分析。通过测试，得到该光敏树脂固化后的起始分解温度等热力学参数。其次，通过控制光敏树脂紫外光固化时间，取得了较好杨氏模量和弯曲强度的树脂，且为该加速度传感器的结构仿真优化与制作工艺提供了必需数据与重要依据。除此之外，还对所设计的碳浆应变计结构进行了测试，得到了有效灵敏系数。通过以上工作，为最终实现3D打印加速度传感器的制作做好铺垫，助力3D打印技术与MEMS传感器技术相融合。