水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机性能研究

为研究水/一氧化二氮组合式射流预冷却涡轮（SteamJet）发动机性能,在建立了射流预冷却的热交换系统计算、物性修正计算、发动机部件特性修正计算和含一氧化二氮的燃烧室计算的数学模型的基础上,建立了基于双轴混排加力式涡扇发动机的水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机性能计算模型。在最大加力状态控制规律下,计算分析了SteamJet发动机在水与一氧化二氮不同配比下沿飞行轨道的特性,以及水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机的高度速度特性;计算分析了进气系统特性对SteamJet发动机特性的影响。结果表明：与单喷水预冷却的SteamJet发动机相比,水/一氧化二氮组合式SteamJet发动机具有更好的燃烧稳定性和推力特性,能够满足高超声速飞行的需求。     

起落架落震试验修正案的影响分析及验证思路研究

起落架是飞机的重要组成部件,起落架缓冲器的设计好坏必须经过落震试验的验证。2001年5月9日FAA颁布的N0．25-103修正案对起落架落震试验要求进行了修订。本文对该修正案提出的原因进行说明,并以修正案的内容为基础,与CCAR-25-R3版进行详细地对比和影响分析;通过对起落架动态特性的解析,提出起落架落震试验修正案的验证思路。结果表明：落震试验方法没有本质变化,但是对于试验目的提出了更为严格的要求。研究结果可为起落架落震试验的验证提供一定的技术参考。     

加工工艺对航空发动机燃油喷嘴性能的影响研究

介绍了喷嘴主要构件的技术要求和加工工艺。通过试验得到喷嘴的流量特性、喷雾锥角、索特尔平均直径的分布规律。喷嘴的SMD随供油压力的增大而减小,当压力增大到一定程度时,SMD趋于不变;喷雾锥角基本不随压力的改变而改变。对10个试验喷嘴测量数据的拟合和方差分析结果表明:喷嘴流量与喷口半径的平方、旋流槽截面积成比例。在生产中,可以按小公差加工喷口和旋流槽,流量不足时,可采取加大旋流槽尺寸或增大研磨喷口(尢其是主喷口)的半径的措施,以增大喷雾锥角。     

Morphological studies on ionospheric VHF scintillations over an Indian low latitude station during a solar cycle period (2001–2010)

The amplitude scintillations data recorded at 244 MHz from the geostationary satellite, FLEETSAT (73°E) at a low latitude station, Waltair (17.7°N, 83.3°E) during the ten year period of high to low solar activity from 2001 to 2010 is considered to study the occurrence characteristics of the VHF scintillations. A close association between the intense scintillations on VHF signals during pre-midnight hours, associated with range type of spread-F on ionograms and a relatively weak and slow fading scintillations during post-midnight hours associated with frequency type of spread-F is observed during the relatively high sunspot years from 2001 to 2004, whereas during the low sunspot years from 2005 to 2010 the scintillation activity as well as spread-F activity are found to be minimum. During both the high and low sunspot years, it is observed that the maximum scintillation activity occurs during equinoctial months followed by winter with the minimum occurrence during summer months. The annual mean percentage occurrence of scintillations is found to be clearly associated with the variations in the annual mean sunspot number. The nocturnal variations in the occurrence of scintillations show the onset of scintillation activity starts from 19:00 h LT with maximum of occurrence around 21:00 h LT. A clear semiannual variation in the occurrence of scintillations is observed during pre-midnight hours with two peaks in equinoctial months of March/April and September/October. The number of scintillation patches observed is found to be more during pre-midnight hours compared to those during post-midnight hours. The most probable scintillation patch duration lies around 30 min. Further, it is also found that the number of scintillation patches with durations of 60 min and more decreases with the increase in the patch duration. It is also observed in general that the scintillation activity is inhibited during geomagnetic disturbed days.     

毛细芯蒸发器启动和运行特性

通过对毛细芯蒸发器(相当于环路热管在没有连接蒸气管路的情况)进行试验研究,巧妙地避开了工质循环和冷凝器等带来的影响,专注于研究毛细芯孔隙率和热源功率对蒸发器启动和运行特性的影响。结果表明:在某些条件下,毛细芯蒸发器启动时温度会出现剧烈的波动;毛细芯孔隙率越大,产生温度波动所对应的热源功率越小;毛细芯相同时,热源功率越大,越容易出现温度波动,并且温度波动的程度越剧烈。温度波动的原因是毛细芯孔隙率与热源功率等外部参数不匹配。     

金属橡胶颗粒静态特性试验

针对目前航空航天领域板壳结构较多,其模态成分密集、振动复杂等问题,提出了一种可用于各种复杂结构振动抑制的新型金属橡胶构件——金属橡胶颗粒.为了解及掌握这种新型金属橡胶构件的性能和设计规律,开展了有关金属橡胶颗粒的静态性能试验研究.通过试验测量了金属橡胶颗粒的静态迟滞回线,获得了金属橡胶颗粒的刚度和阻尼的范围.通过对比不同参数下的刚度和阻尼的试验结果,总结材料参数(丝材、螺旋卷和相对密度)和工艺参数(变形量和安装密度)等对金属橡胶颗粒的刚度特性和阻尼性能的影响规律.金属橡胶颗粒静态特性试验研究为金属橡胶颗粒的设计和工程应用奠定了基础.     

航空煤油替代燃料的着火与燃烧特性

选用了航空煤油(Jet A-1)的3种替代燃料(正癸烷、正癸烷与三甲基苯双组分混合燃料、正癸烷与甲苯双组分混合燃料),并详细分析了这3种替代燃料着火与燃烧的详细化学反应机理(正癸烷单组分燃料为67种组分与344个基元反应,正癸烷与三甲基苯双组分混合燃料为118种组分与527个基元反应,正癸烷与甲苯双组分混合燃料为84种组分与440个基元反应).对这3种替代燃料在激波管中的着火延迟特性及在预混燃烧炉中的预混燃烧过程进行了详细的数值计算,并与实验数据进行了对比分析.同时,比较分析了双组分燃料中两种组分体积分数对着火与燃烧特性的影响.结果表明:在预测Jet A-1航空煤油的着火特性与预混燃烧特性上,两种双组分混合燃料要优于正癸烷单组分燃料.同时,两种双组分混合燃料中两种组分的体积分数对燃料的着火与燃烧特性影响显著.      

二元混压式进气道窄缝形射流调节结构参数设计

针对窄缝形主动射流用于二元混压式超声速进气道再起动特性调节的结构参数设计,开展了大量定常数值模拟研究,得到了窄缝位置、宽度及喷射角度等结构参数对再起动特性的影响趋势,利用少量非定常算例验证了定常计算结果的准确性.结果表明:射流的注入使进气道产生超声速溢流,并出现可动气动喉道等新的再起动流场特征.约进气道流量1%的射流流量能产生约5%的溢流量,在溢流作用下,4.5%~11%的射流流量使进气道实现了再起动,射流流量越大,射流分离区也越大,进气道越难实现再起动.研究还发现:窄缝位置及宽度对射流溢流效率的影响很小,但窄缝位置存在一个有效作用范围,只有在距唇口35~65mm的位置注入射流,进气道才能实现再起动.射流喷射角对射流溢流效率的影响较大.射流喷射角越大,射流的溢流效率越高,再起动所需的射流流量及其范围也越小.      

基于两相流理论滑动轴承动力特性求解

将计算流体动力学(CFD)两相流与动网格技术应用于滑动轴承动力特性数值求解,建立了基于CFD两相流滑动轴承动力特性求解模型,该模型无需设定油膜破裂边界条件且更能准确模拟滑动轴承流场特性.比较了单相流与两相流滑动轴承压力分布特性,计算分析了滑动轴承气穴分布特征及其影响因素,研究了两相流模型对滑动轴承动力特性的影响.计算结果表明:气化比例随着转速、偏心率和气化压力的增加而迅速增大,随进口压力的增加而缓慢减小.考虑两相流后,直接刚度系数增加,交叉刚度系数减小,直接与交叉阻尼系数均减小.随着偏心率的增加,单相流与两相流动力特性系数求解结果偏差增大.      

Effects of Machine Tool Configuration on Its Dynamics Based on Orthogonal Experiment Method

In order to analyze the influence of configuration parameters on dynamic characteristics of machine tools in the working space, the configuration parameters have been suggested based on the orthogonal experiment method. Dynamic analysis of a milling machine, which is newly designed for producing turbine blades, has been conducted by utilizing the modal synthesis method. The finite element model is verified and updated by experimental modal analysis (EMA) of the machine tool. The result gained by modal synthesis method is compared with whole-model finite element method (FEM) result as well. According to the orthogonal experiment method, four configuration parameters of machine tool are considered as four factors for dynamic characteristics. The influence of configuration parameters on the first three natural frequencies is obtained by range analysis. It is pointed out that configuration parameter is the most important factor affecting the fundamental frequency of machine tools, and configuration parameter has less effect on lower-order modes of the system than others. The combination of configuration parameters which makes the fundamental frequency reach the maximum value is provided. Through demonstration, the conclusion can be drawn that the influence of configuration parameters on the natural frequencies of machine tools can be analyzed explicitly by the orthogonal experiment method, which offers a new method for estimating the dynamic characteristics of machine tools.