飞机纵向驾驶员诱发振荡灵敏度分析

采用系统灵敏度理论，以修正的带宽准则，增益和相位裕度准则以及Ｎｅａｌ－ｓｍｉｔｈ准则等飞机纵向驾驶员诱发振荡（ＰＩＯ）预测准则作为系统指标，建立了参数变化对诱发振荡预测指标影响的灵敏度公式，以ＪＪ７飞机为例，给出了飞机，操纵系统及驾驶员参数上述指标影响的灵敏度，根据计算结果进行了ＰＩＯ参数敏度预测分析，同时与数值仿真结果进行了对比分析。     

系统可靠性预计方法综述

系统可靠性预计是进行可靠性设计的基础，其主要价值在于为设计决策提供依据。本文阐明了系统可靠性预计的概念，分析了系统可靠性预计的基本过程，综述了系统可靠性的预计方法，介绍和评论了各自的优缺点和适用范围，并对预计方法的发展前景做了初步展望。     

基于模型的载人航天器研制方法研究与实践

载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题，传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求，亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求，提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系，定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型，提出了基于模型的研制流程，包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节，并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础，系统地验证了提出的方法。     

温度翘曲应力对机场刚性道面寿命的影响

分析了目前中国民航机场刚性道面的设计过程,指出在设计过程中忽视温度应力的影响不合理。参照公路水泥混凝土路面温度应力计算方法并根据Miner定律研究了温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面影响规律,即温度翘曲疲劳损耗随板厚、地基反应模量的增大而增大,随着混凝土设计强度的增加而降低。然后提出采用设计寿命的影响因子nt/Nt评价温度翘曲疲劳损耗对于机场刚性道面设计寿命影响的方法并提供了相应的机场刚性道面板厚度设计流程图。最后提供了一个考虑温度翘曲应力的刚性道面设计实例,为工程应用提供参考。     

"公寓"型LRU可靠性指标的预计法探讨

探讨了“公寓”型LRU可靠性预计的方法，“公寓”型LRU的电子元器件不属于同一系统，因此不能按“串联”型预计，如何预计则应进一步研究，本文提出了预计的3种方法。     

Integration of lessons from recent research for “Earth to Mars” life support systems

Development of reliable and robust strategies for long-term life support for planetary exploration must be built from real-time experimentation to verify and improve system components. Also critical is incorporating a range of viable options to handle potential short-term life system imbalances. This paper revisits some of the conceptual framework for a Mars base prototype which has been developed by the authors along with others previously advanced (“Mars on Earth^®”) in the light of three years of experimentation in the Laboratory Biosphere, further investigation of system alternatives and the advent of other innovative engineering and agri-ecosystem approaches. Several experiments with candidate space agriculture crops have demonstrated the higher productivity possible with elevated light levels and improved environmental controls. For example, crops of sweet potatoes exceeded original Mars base prototype projections by an average of 46% (53% for best crop) ultradwarf (Apogee) wheat by 9% (23% for best crop), pinto bean by 13% (31% for best crop). These production levels, although they may be increased with further optimization of lighting regimes, environmental parameters, crop density etc. offer evidence that a soil-based system can be as productive as the hydroponic systems which have dominated space life support scenarios and research. But soil also offers distinct advantages: the capability to be created on the Moon or Mars using in situ space resources, reduces long-term reliance on consumables and imported resources, and more readily recycling and incorporating crew and crop waste products. In addition, a living soil contains a complex microbial ecosystem which helps prevent the buildup of trace gases or compounds, and thus assist with air and water purification. The atmospheric dynamics of these crops were studied in the Laboratory Biosphere adding to the database necessary for managing the mixed stands of crops essential for supplying a nutritionally adequate diet in space. This paper explores some of the challenges of small bioregenerative life support: air-sealing and facility architecture/design, balance of short-term variations of carbon dioxide and oxygen through staggered plantings, options for additional atmospheric buffers and sinks, lighting/energy efficiency engineering, crop and waste product recycling approaches, and human factor considerations in the design and operation of a Mars base. An “Earth to Mars” project, forging the ability to live sustainably in space (as on Earth) requires continued research and testing of these components and integrated subsystems; and developing a step-by-step learning process.     

舱段结构热振耦合环境下仿真分析

针对武器装备对环境适应性要求不断提高的现状,以某舱段结构为研究对象,基于高加速应力筛选试验(HASS)条件,研究了结构在温变-振动耦合环境下的失效机理。首先,结合HASS试验剖面,确定了载荷条件,建立有限元模型;其次,采用ANSYS Workbench软件分析得到结构温度场分布及应力响应,确定了结构危险位置,并对其疲劳寿命进行计算分析,为舱段结构的失效分析及HASS试验剖面的合理制定提供依据和指导。     

止裂孔尺寸对止裂效果影响的研究

当航空器结构在航线使用过程中出现疲劳裂纹损伤时,通常在裂纹尖端打止裂孔进行临时性修理。通过理论分析和计算及试验分析,研究了止裂孔尺寸对止裂效果的影响。结果表明,当航空器结构出现疲劳裂纹损伤时,采用5.57～7.14mm直径的止裂孔进行止裂修理,止裂效果较好;当止裂孔直径为6.35mm时,止裂效果最好。     

一种尾流消散动态预测的改进算法

尾流间隔是增大跑道容量的主要限制因素之一，为了在保持安全水平的前提下有效地增大跑道容量，可以对尾流消散进行动态预测，并据此缩减尾流间隔。研究了一种尾涡消散动态预测算法，该算法考虑了真实大气的大气分层、湍流、侧风、迎面风、风切变以及地效影响，并用一阶后向差分对该算法进行了离散化改进；在改进算法的基础上，时进近阶段尾流的消散在Matlab中进行了仿真计算；计算结果复现了尾涡的下沉现象和侧风对尾涡传输的线性累积效应。     

A Structured Mesh Euler and Interactive Boundary Layer Method for Wing/Body Configurations

To compute transonic flows over a complex 3D aircraft configuration, a viscous/inviscid interaction method is developed by coupling an integral boundary-layer solver with an Eluer solver in a ＂semi-inverse＂ manner. For the turbulent boundary-layer, an integral method using Green＇s lag equation is coupled with the outer inviscid flow. A blowing velocity approach is used to simulate the displacement effects of the boundary layer. To predict the aerodynamic drag, it is developed a numerical technique called far-field method that is based on the momentum theorem, in which the total drag is divided into three component drags, i.e. viscous, induced and wave-formed. Consequently, it can provide more physical insight into the drag sources than the often-used surface integral technique. The drag decomposition can be achieved with help of the second law of thermodynamics, which implies that entropy increases and total pressure decreases only across shock wave along a streamline of an inviscid non-isentropic flow. This method has been applied to the DLR-F4 wing/body configuration showing results in good agreement with the wind tunnel data.