欠膨胀自由射流密度场的丙酮平面激光诱导荧光显示与测量

介绍了利用丙酮平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术测量自由射流密度场的原理,并对两种射流总压下含有丙酮蒸气示踪剂的欠膨胀自由射流的密度场结构进行了显示.所得图像直观地显示了射流的桶状激波和马赫盘等特征信息,从中可以看出射流欠膨胀度主要影响马赫盘以前的流场,射流欠膨胀度越高,则射流直径越大,马赫盘越远离喷口,桶状激波越向外凸出.为检验丙酮PLIF技术测量密度场的精度,对实验流场进行了数值仿真.仿真所得到的密度场结构以及沿射流轴线的归一化密度变化曲线与实验得到的相应结果符合较好.     

光纤pH值传感器

综述了光纤ｐＨ值传感器,详细阐述和分析比较了光吸收式、荧光特性式及折射率波动式三大类ｐＨ值传感器的工作原理及其各自的优点。还介绍了光纤ｐＨ值传感器作为一种新型传感技术,在生物工程、医学、环境监测及工业过程控制中的应用前景。     

采用铯束管荧光稳频技术的小型光抽运铯原子频率标准

对于小型光抽运铯原子频率标准来说，激光稳频参考源的稳定性决定了激光系统的频率稳定性，进而决定了整机的频率稳定度指标。激光稳频可以采用饱和吸收稳频和铯束管荧光稳频两种方案。经对比了采用这两种激光稳频方式的整机指标，取得了初步的结果：与采用饱和吸收稳频相比，采用铯束管荧光稳频后，整机的短期稳定度指标没有明显恶化，长期稳定度指标有了明显提升，3.21E-14/100 000s，1.13E-14/400 000s，未出现闪变平台，仍在继续测试中。结果显示，铯束管荧光稳频技术应用光抽运小型铯原子频率标准，具有提高整机长期稳定度指标和增强环境适应性的潜力。     

基于500 Hz OH-PLIF技术的超声速燃烧室火焰结构

针对超声速燃烧室火焰驻留时间短和高湍流度的特点,利用500 Hz高频OH-PLIF(planar laser induced fluorescence)技术,研究了氢燃料超声速燃烧室火焰结构,结合壁面压力,获得了点火、稳焰以及熄火过程的规律。结果表明：隔离段入口来流马赫数为2的情况下,氢气当量比0.1和0.3,在火花塞点火下,2 ms均能点燃并获得PLIF火焰图像,其中当量比为0.1凹槽内存在爆燃现象,火焰达到稳定燃烧状态较慢(约65 ms)。稳焰过程中,当量比为0.3燃烧相对不充分,燃烧区域更靠近下壁面,燃烧位置和火核位置变化较大。当量比为0.1和0.3,熄火时间均在6 ms内,其中当量比为0.1熄火时火焰是从凹腔中部传播到凹腔前缘位置熄灭并伴随有一个短暂火焰增强的过程,并且在传播至凹腔前缘时已接近熄灭,当量比为0.3在熄灭前则是慢慢变弱,最终在凹腔前缘至喷氢位置间熄灭。     

Assessment of plant vitality detection through fluorescence and reflectance imagery

Recent studies of the vegetation fluorescence show that it can be successfully used as an intrinsic indicator of plant photosynthetic activity. With respect to the vegetation spectral reflectance, the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence is more specific as an observable of basic biophysical processes in the plant cells. Laser induced fluorescence is widely used in near range remote sensing, but it is not suitable for the global monitoring of vegetation. Decades of active fluorometry studies have collected useful information of leaf reaction to natural and anthropogenic stress. Still the passive fluorescence, the one that could be registered from satellite orbit has still to prove its advantage over widely used reflectance signature. The weakness of the signal and the lack of experience with passive fluorescence measurements require extensive technical, theoretical and experimental studies. New imaging fluorometres are to be designed for measuring steady state fluorescence in controlled and natural conditions.

In order to compare reflectance and steady state fluorescence sensitivity to stress impact, a set of experiments have been conducted under controlled illumination conditions in a bio-chamber, designed by the author’s team. The equipment allows plant vitality to be monitored both by passive fluorescence and spectral reflectance imaging. Different types of stress factors (heat and drought stress, acid impact) were investigated to demonstrate equipments ability in monitoring changes of fluorescence signal. Selected fluorescence images of foliage illustrate an early detection of plant dysfunction and the temporal and spatial spreading of the stress impact. Analysis shows that fluorescence imaging of green plants can be developed as a highly effective early warning remote sensing method, which could have application for an ecosystems’ monitoring along with high-spectral reflectance imagery.     

电弧加热射流O2激光诱导荧光技术温度测量

采用ArF准分子激光器作为激发光源来激励O2-Schumann-Runge带系(B3Σ-u←X3Σ-g)193.3nm附近的转动吸收谱线,用紫外光电倍增管探测该带系256nm附近的荧光信号,建立了ArF准分子激光器O2激光诱导荧光流场测试系统.在建立O2单带测温模型和软件的基础上,利用Schumann-Runge带系(10,2)带的荧光信号、测量了氧氩混合电弧加热射流的径向温度分布.结果表明我们建立的ArF准分子激光器O2-LIF测试系统是成功的.     

Regolith effects in planetary X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy: Laboratory studies at 1.7–6.4 keV

Laboratory measurements are presented to study the effects of the physical properties of regolith on planetary soft X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Two laboratory setups are used to independently measure these regolith effects using lunar regolith analog samples with three different particle-size ranges. Discussion is given on the data analysis. Some of the data may be valid only for qualitative conclusions. Analytical modelling is used to separate the effects expected for a plane-parallel and homogeneous medium from those of measured regolith analogs. The surface roughness and porosity of the regolith are observed to induce an enhancement of the higher-energy part of the spectrum as a function of the incidence angle. The enhancement is larger for rougher surfaces. A brief discussion is given on the relevance of this study for future planetary missions carrying soft X-ray spectrometers.     

表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对核酸-Tb3+体系荧光性质的影响

研究了 SDS对核酸 -Tb3+体系荧光性质的影响。实验结果表明 ,RNA可以直接与 Tb3+ 反应产生荧光 ,而DNA只能在变性后才能与 Tb3+ 反应。SDS存在下 ,DNA与 RNA体系荧光强度分别增加 4.0和 3 .5倍。     

煤炭中硫分的快速测量系统

针对能量色散X荧光(Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence,EDXRF)分析技术应用于煤炭中硫分快速测量过程中存在的基体效应和边缘效应干扰问题,采用蒙特卡罗计算程序Electron-Gamma Shower(EGS)模拟了在不同管电压、不同样品直径、厚度以及不同硫元素浓度条件下的X荧光强度。结果表明,合适的X光管的管电压为15　kV,样 品的临界直径和厚度分别大于1.04　cm和0.05　cm。根据模拟结果,通过实验得到X荧光强度与硫元素浓度的关系曲线,实验结果经过探测效率修正后与EGS模拟结果符合良好,为后续的煤炭中硫分在线快速分析系统的设计和实施提供了有力的技术支撑。