检定原子荧光光度计常见问题分析

提出了原子荧光光度计检定过程中可能出现的常见问题。根据经验和仪器的工作原理对问题产生的原因进行了分析,并针对不同问题给出了具体的解决措施。对实现检定结果的准确可靠具有较好的保证作用。     

超声速内流场横向喷流的流动与混合特性实验研究

为研究超声速内流场中横向喷流的流动与混合特性,将丙酮蒸汽加入喷流介质,用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)技术对流场中流向中心截面和横截面上的丙酮进行成像,研究了喷流的运动轨迹、流场结构、混合方式,以及参数对喷流流动与混合的影响。结果表明:喷流柱的波动失稳及喷流剪切层中生成的大尺度结构有助于增强喷流与主流在近场的混合;提高出口马赫数会导致剪切层失稳以及出现大尺度结构的位置移向下游,不利于改善近场的混合;增大喷口直径能增加喷流在展向的扩展,升高喷流总压能增加喷流在展向和横向的扩展,并使出现大尺度结构的位置靠近上游;在喷注流量相同条件下,采用小喷注面积高总压喷注更利于增强混合。     

电子束荧光技术用于测量高超声速飞行器流场密度

一种新发展起来的用电子束荧光技术直接测量高超声速模型周围流场密度的方法,首次在科学院力学所 JF-4B 高超声速炮风洞中对7°尖锥在 M_∞=7.8时进行了流场密度的测量,给出了模型表面边界层中分离与不分离两种情况下的平均密度和脉动密度剖面分布及电子束荧光的校准结果。验证了这项新的测量技术能成功地用于高超声速飞行器复杂流场中的密度测量。     

一种能量色散X荧光光谱仪核心控制系统设计

针对能量色散X荧光光谱仪对通讯、控制及测量的特殊要求,设计一种以ARM处理器STM32F103RBT6为核心的能量色散X荧光光谱仪硬件平台与上位机结合的核心控制系统。该硬件平台集成了USB-HUB功能,采用专门的步进电机驱动芯片简化电路设计,节省了开发周期。通过增加瞬态二极管保护电路提高电路的抗雷击浪涌能力,同时具备安全的互锁功能。实验表明,系统运行安全可靠,具有良好的应用前景。     

预混旋流多喷嘴火焰激光可视化实验研究

为了研究预混旋流多喷嘴火焰结构及当量比对多喷嘴火焰结构的影响,针对当量比0.51～0.8的甲烷/空气预混旋流多喷嘴火焰开展了平面激光诱导荧光测量研究。通过实验,获得了不同当量比下预混旋流多喷嘴火焰时均火焰形态和瞬态火焰结构分布特点。实验结果表明,相邻火焰相互冲刷,在相互作用区内强化了燃烧化学反应。相邻火焰之间的相互作用随着当量比的减小逐渐减弱,当量比小于0.53时,中心火焰熄灭,相邻火焰相互作用消失。多喷嘴外侧火焰推举高度小于中心火焰,稳定范围比中心火焰宽。当量比大于0.6时火焰推举高度随当量比的变化不明显,当量比小于0.6后火焰推举高度随着当量比的减小显著增加。随着当量比的降低,湍流脉动对火焰的褶皱扭曲作用逐渐增强,湍流火焰传播速度与层流火焰传播速度之比逐渐增大。     

Tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants,representing the higher plant compartment in bioregenerative life support systems,to super-optimal air temperatures

Plants intended to be included in the photosynthesizing compartment of the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) need to be studied in terms of both their production parameters under optimal conditions and their tolerance to stress factors that might be caused by emergency situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate tolerance of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) plants to the super-optimal air temperature of 45 ± 1 °C as dependent upon PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) intensity and the duration of the exposure to the stress factor. Chufa plants were grown hydroponically, on expanded clay, under artificial light. The nutrient solution was Knop’s mineral medium. Until the plants were 30 days old, they had been grown at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR and air temperature 25 °C. Thirty-day-old plants were exposed to the temperature 45 °C for 6 h, 20 h, and 44 h at PAR intensities 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The exposure to the damaging air temperature for 44 h at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR caused irreversible damage to PSA, resulting in leaf mortality. In chufa plants exposed to heat shock treatment at 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR for 6 h and 20 h, respiration exceeded photosynthesis, and CO₂ release in the light was recorded. Functional activity of photosynthetic apparatus, estimated from parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence in Photosystem 2 (PS 2), decreased 40% to 50%. After the exposure to the stress factor was finished, functional activity of PSA recovered its initial values, and apparent photosynthesis (P_apparent) rate after a 20-h exposure to the stress factor was 2.6 times lower than before the elevation of the temperature. During the first hours of plant exposure to the temperature 45 °C at 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, respiration rate was higher than photosynthesis rate, but after 3–4 h of the exposure, photosynthetic processes exceeded oxidative ones and CO₂ absorption in the light was recorded. At the end of the 6-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to that recorded prior to the exposure, and no significant changes were observed in the functional activity of PSA. At the end of the 20-h exposure, P_apparent rate was close to its initial value, but certain parameters of the functional activity of PSA decreased 25% vs. their initial values. During the repair period, the parameters of external gas exchange recovered their initial values, and parameters of pulse-modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were 20–30% higher than their initial values. Thus, exposure of chufa plants to the damaging temperature of the air for 20 h did not cause any irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants at either 690 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ or 1150 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PAR, and higher PAR intensity during the heat shock treatment enhanced heat tolerance of the plants.     

Lunar exosphere influence on lunar-based near-ultraviolet astronomical observations

The potential effect of the lunar exosphere on the near-ultraviolet sky background emission is predicted for Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT: a funded Chinese scientific payload for the Chang’e-III mission). Using the upper limit on the OH concentration inferred from the recent MIP CHACE results, our calculations show that the sky brightness due to the illuminated exosphere is <8.7 photons⁻¹ cm⁻² arcsec⁻² within the wavelength range 245–340 nm. By evaluating the signal-to-noise ratios of observations of an AB = 13 mag point source at a series of sky background levels, our analysis indicates that the detection performance of LUT can be moderately degraded by the lunar exosphere emission in most cases. An AB = 13 mag point source can still be detected by the telescope at a signal-to-noise ratio more than 8 when the OH concentration is less than 2 × 10⁸ molecules cm⁻³. However, the effect on the performance is considerable when the exosphere is as dense as suggested by CHACE.     

合成气扩散燃烧的OH-PLIF测量

为了解中低热值合成气在燃气轮机燃烧室中的燃烧特性,利用平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)法,对模型燃烧室内CH4和具有不同C-H比的合成气旋流扩散火焰开展实验研究.实验结果表明,CH4与合成气火焰呈现出截然不同的火焰形状,瞬态OH-PLIF图像揭示了它们具有湍流火焰的共同特征,且火焰都稳定在喷嘴出口位置.相比之下,CH4燃烧...     

Effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis activity of Wolffia arrhiza as probed by chlorophyll fluorescence transients

The higher plant Wolffia arrhiza is regarded to be well suited concerning the provision of photosynthetic products in the cycle of matter of a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) to be established in the context of extraterrestrial, human-based colonization and long-term space flight. Since UV radiation is one major extraterrestrial environmental stress for growth of any plant, effects of UV-B radiation on W. arrhiza were assessed in the present study. We found that UV-B radiation significantly inhibited photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation activity, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b (Chl a, Chl b) and carotenoids considerably decreased when plants were exposed to UV-B radiation for 12 h. High UV-B radiation also declined the quantum yield of primary photochemistry (φ_po), the quantum yield for electron transport (φ_Eo) and the efficiency per trapped excitation (Ψ_o) in W. arrhiza simultaneously, while the amount of active PSII reaction centers per excited cross section (RC/CS) and the total number of active reaction centers per absorption (RC/ABS) had comparative changes. These results indicate that the effects of UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of W. arrhiza is due to an inhibition of the electron transport and via inactivation of reaction centers, but the inhibition may take place at more than one site in the photosynthetic apparatus.     

长波通滤波器的研究

用激光照射掺有碘分子的流场，感应的碘分子荧光包含着流动参数如速度、压强、温度和密度的信息，可用其来对这些参数进行测量。但荧光信号通常很弱，在没有合适滤波器的情况下，测量的信噪比是差的。为了去掉作为噪音的散射的激光和背景光，设计和制造了长波通滤波器，它们具有高质量性能，相应的测量有好的信噪比。