Design of aircraft structures against threat of bird strikes

In this paper, a method to design bird-strike-resistant aircraft structures is presented and illustrated through examples. The focus is on bird strike experiments and simulations. The explicit finite element software PAM-CRASH is employed to conduct bird strike simulations, and a coupled Smooth Particles Hydrodynamic (SPH) and Finite Element (FE) method is used to simulate the interaction between a bird and a target structure. The SPH method is explained, and an SPH bird model is established. Constitutive models for various structural materials, such as aluminum alloys, composite materials, honeycomb, and foam materials that are used in aircraft structures, are presented, and model parameters are identified by conducting various material tests. Good agreements between simulation results and experimental data suggest that the numerical model is capable of predicting the dynamic responses of various aircraft structures under a bird strike, and numerical simulation can be used as a tool to design bird-strike-resistant aircraft structures.     

Fatigue life research and experimental verification of superalloy thin-walled structures subjected to thermal-acoustic loads

Rapid alternating stress is formed in structure subjected to harsh thermal-acoustic loads, which will affect fatigue performance and reduce fatigue life seriously. First, fatigue experiment of superalloy thin-walled structure was carried out to obtain fatigue damage location and failure time of the experiment specimen, and S-N curves of superalloy thin-walled structure at 723 K were fitted. Then, dynamic response simulation of superalloy thin-walled structure under the same load as experiment was implemented, and fatigue life was estimated based on the fatigue life prediction model which mainly included: improved rain-flow counting method, Morrow average stress model and Miner linear cumulative damage theory. Further, comparisons between simulation solutions and experimental results achieved a consistency, which verified the validity of the Fatigue Life Prediction Model (FLPM). Moreover, taking a rectangle plate as the analysis object, the distributions of Fain-low circulation blocks and damage levels of the structure were discussed respectively. Finally, current research indicates that in pre-buckling the structure is in softened area and fatigue life decreases with the increase of temperature; in post-buckling the structure is in hardened area and fatigue life increases with the increase of temperature within a certain range.     

基于Kriging形函数的线性时变结构模态参数辨识

近年来,对航空航天飞行器随时间变化的动力学特性研究需求越来越迫切。仅输出参数化时域的时变时间序列模型以其结构简约、精度高且跟踪能力强而成为研究热点,尤其是泛函向量时变自回归(FS-VTAR)模型已经得到了广泛应用。然而传统的FS-VTAR模型在保证其辨识优势的同时却需要针对不同时变结构选择合适的基函数形式及较高的基函数阶数,该过程相当复杂且耗时。本文借鉴无网格法中移动最小二乘(MLS)法构造形函数的思想,提出一种基于Kriging形函数的线性时变结构模态参数辨识方法。该方法首先引入自适应于辨识信号的Kriging形函数;再把时变系数在形函数上线性展开,利用最小二乘(LS)法得到形函数的展开系数;最后把时变模型特征方程转换为广义特征值问题提取出模态参数。利用时变刚度系统非平稳振动信号验证该方法,结果表明:基于Kriging形函数的FS-VTAR模型相比于传统的FS-VTAR模型能有效地避免基函数形式的选择和较高的基函数阶数,且精度相当;相比于移动最小二乘法能有效地解决其数值条件问题且具有更高的模态参数辨识精度。     

Active vibration control of piezoelectric bonded smart structures using PID algorithm

Thin-walled structures are sensitive to vibrate under even very small disturbances. In order to design a suitable controller for vibration suppression of thin-walled smart structures, an electro-mechanically coupled finite element(FE) model of smart structures is developed based on first-order shear deformation(FOSD) hypothesis. Considering the vibrations generated by various disturbances, which include free and forced vibrations, a PID control is implemented to damp both the free and forced vibrations. Additionally, an LQR optimal control is applied for comparison.The implemented control strategies are validated by a piezoelectric layered smart plate under various excitations.     

大小叶片压气机级的计算与实验校验

为了考察用于压气机设计的三维计算软件的准确性,对一个低速大尺寸的单级大小叶片轴流压气机进行了计算与流动测量,基于可压缩流动,并在流动细节的层次上全面地考察了计算程序的准确性。结果表明:所用的计算程序对压气机设计点的计算较为准确,流量和压比的准确度可达1%,但对失速裕度的预估能力不足。计算程序对于内部流动细节,尤其是二次流动的模拟不够好,当压气机工作于非设计工况时,这些流动细节计算的不准确会导致整体性能上较大的偏差。     

Experimental study of partially-cured Z-pins reinforced foam core composites：K-Cor sandwich structures

This paper presents an experimental study of a novel K-Cor sandwich structure rein- forced with partially-cured Z-pins. The influence of pultrusion processing parameters on Z-pins characteristics was studied and the effect of Z-pins on mechanical properties was disclosed. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and optical microscopy （OM） methods were employed to determine the curing degree of as-prepared Z-pins and observe the implanted Z-pins in the K-Cor structure. These partially-cured Z-pins were treated with a stronger bonding link between face sheets and the foam core by means of a hot-press process, thereby decreasing burrs and cracking defects when the Z-pins were implanted into the Rohacell foam core. The results of the out-of-plane tensile tests and the climbing drum peel （CDP） tests showed that K-Cor structures exhibited superior mechanical performance as compared to X-Cor and blank foam core. The observed results of failure modes revealed that an effective bonding link between the foam core and face sheets that was provided from partially-cured Z-pins contributed to the enhanced mechan- ical performances of K-Cor sandwich structures.     

翼面结构结点载荷转换分配方法的比较分析

在对飞机的翼面结构进行有限元分析时,如何将气动载荷有效地加载到有限元模型上至关重要。研究翼面结构中气动结点载荷向有限元结点载荷转换的三种分配方法:三点排、四点排、多点排,并使用这三种方法对翼面结构有限元模型进行分析计算。结果表明:三种方法均能满足总载荷相同、总压心相同,且满足载荷分配要求;多点排方法不仅能适用于极端条件下的载荷分配且算法实现简单、计算效率高、理论依据强,还能实现载荷加载点位置的自由选取,四点排、三点排依次次之。所得结论可为结构有限元计算的载荷前处理和拓扑优化中的载荷分配提供一定参考和借鉴。     

多层黏弹性复合材料结构阻尼性能优化设计

针对多层黏弹性复合材料结构阻尼性能设计优化问题,运用能量法既考虑其面内应变能,又考虑其横向剪切应变能,建立其损耗因子的计算模型,并用实验方法验证其挠度函数的可行性.然后以多层黏弹性复合材料结构的损耗因子最大化为优化目标,用改进遗传算法对其阻尼性能进行单变量和多变量优化设计.数值结果表明,应用遗传算法优化设计多层黏弹性复...     

竖直平板间湍流自然对流中螺旋羽流结构的实验研究

应用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）对竖直平板间水的温差湍流自然对流的流场进行了测量,并由测量所获得的速度场获取了涡量分布和散度分布。测量结果表明,在流场中的竖直展向截面和水平流向截面上都存在大尺度涡流结构,而且在部分涡量集中区域同时具有正的或者负的散度集中,速度矢量分布也表明水平截面上的这部分涡流结构呈现着清晰的源或汇的特征。这些现象都表明这部分旋转着的流体不但有切向速度,还有径向速度。这意味着这部分流体在旋转的同时也有向上或向下的运动,即同时具有在同方向上的涡量和速度,即螺度,而这是螺旋羽流结构的特征。这些涡结构,尤其是水平流向截面上具有径向速度的涡流结构的存在证实了竖直平板之间的湍流自然对流流场中大尺度的螺旋羽流结构的存在。     

柔性空间结构选频二阶保结构平衡降阶

利用传统的一阶选频内平衡降阶方法进行降阶时,不但破坏了原二阶系统动力学结构,而且降阶过程中的选频Gramian矩阵的求解计算量大、数值稳定性差.利用解耦模态坐标的二阶柔性空间结构(FSS)方程的特殊性,给出了可控和可观Gramian矩阵的选频闭合解析解.为了将FSS动力学模型在指定频段进行降阶并保留原系统的二阶动力学结...