自适应光学技术补偿镜面温度及自重变形研究

论述了在星载高分辨率相机上采用自适应光学技术的必要性;介绍了应用自适应光学技术补偿镜面温度及自重变形的实验原理,进行了计算机模拟计算,并与实验结果进行比较。实验用一块平面反射镜作为缩比模型,应用６１单元自适应光学系统对其进行了闭环校正实验,分析了泽尼克多项式所对应的像差的校正效果。     

高超声速条件下星光传输模拟方法与仿真

以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,建立了高速流场下的星光传输模拟仿真方法,定性、定量地研究平台气动光学效应对星光导航的影响。采用基于k-ω/SST两方程湍流模型的雷诺平均法计算星敏感器安装在飞行器不同位置处（头部、中部和尾部）的外流场密度分布,进而得到流场的空间折射率分布。在此基础上,利用几何光学法计算星光由高速层流流场引起的光程差、点扩散函数、像偏移等光学传输效应,得出经过层流流场的星光降晰图。同时运用统计光学理论计算高速湍流流场引起的星光出瞳面的波像差、密度均方差、相位均方差、Strehl比等光学传输效应,得出经过湍流流场的星光降晰图。仿真结果与理论分析吻合,从而为研究星光在高超声速流场中传输的机理提供了可靠的技术手段。     

计算模拟月壤颗粒吸收及散射特性的一种球叠加模型

针对模拟月壤复杂的外形特征以及多相非均质的微观结构,提出了一种计算模拟月壤颗粒吸收及散射特性的球叠加模型。根据模拟月壤颗粒的形状指数和分形特征识别结果,归纳了4种主要的模拟月壤颗粒类型,并采用蒙特卡罗光线跟踪法研究了这4种颗粒在单色平行光照射下的吸收及散射特性。与已有的非球形颗粒辐射特性的算法比较显示,该模型具有良好的计算准确性。在数值计算的基础上,分析了颗粒尺度参数及光学常数对其自身辐射特性的影响,并通过改变平行光照下的光线入射角度,分析了非球形颗粒的朝向对其自身辐射特性的影响。由计算结果推断,该模型不仅可以应用于计算模拟月壤颗粒的辐射特性,还可以满足其他适用于几何光学近似的非球形粒子。     

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.     

考虑旋翼调制影响的直升机RCS特性分析及评估

考虑旋翼调制的影响,建立了适合于直升机全机雷达散射截面(RCS)特性计算的“面元-边缘法”.兼顾计算效率和精度,在外形变化剧烈地区域,网格进行加密处理,并保证电磁网格密度和尺度满足雷达波波长大小的比例关系.以桨盘倾倒方式计入桨叶的挥舞和变距运动,采用准静态法模拟旋翼对全机RCS特性的影响.分析了某直升机RCS极化、姿态、频率响应特性,并根据直升机RCS和雷达探测距离关系,提出了4级预警机制和角域范围.研究表明:旋翼转动时全机RCS动态响应具有连续性和对称性,振荡区散射水平强,RCS幅值为-5~12dB ·m2;奇数片桨叶比偶数片桨叶的RCS减缩2~5dB ·m2,且有利于控制直升机RCS包络线和散射峰值的时域响应,增强雷达隐身性能.      

基于分布式信源编码和感兴趣区域编码的干涉多光谱图像压缩

基于干涉多光谱图像特点和应用环境要求,提出一种基于分布式信源编码和感兴趣区域编码的干涉多光谱图像压缩算法。编码端通过关键帧预测出边信息帧,然后联合估计的边信息帧和插值分布的概率模型在编码端进行比特平面码率估计,最后采用基于率失真提升的感兴趣区域编码,调整图像不同区域的率失真斜率来进行更合理的码率分配。实验结果表明,该算法比传统算法更好地保护了多光谱图像的光谱信息。在不同压缩比的情况下,这种编码方式在干涉多光谱图像压缩系统中可获得较好的效果,算法复杂度低。     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

一种易于制造、较大视场离轴三反光学系统设计

介绍了离轴三反光学系统初始结构的设计方法,并用该方法进行离轴三反光学系统设计。用ZEMAX软件设计了一个焦距为1 000mm,F数为10,垂直轨道方向视场为±4.0°,沿轨道方向为6.0°和6.5°的光学系统。结果表明,该光学系统在空间频率71线对/mm处,调制传递函数均大于0.4,且三镜为球面,具有易于制造装调等优点。     

大型自由曲面光学器件的超精密抛光方法

旨在提高大尺寸自由曲面光学器件精密抛光技术的精度与效率。通过构建一个机器人抛光中心作为抛光平台,并在包括单位圆域、单位正方形域及自由边界域在内的平面映射域内求解旅行商问题,通过投影计算圆形度数值,进行映射区域的分类,并将所获得的平面轨迹映射到曲面上获得用于大尺寸自由度超精密光学器件的抛光路径。本文算法综合考虑到计算效率以及边界覆盖质量:当投影区域的圆形度超过0.9,则采用单位圆域作为映射平面域;当投影区域的圆形度值相对小,介于0.8与0.9之间,则采用单位方域作为映射平面域;当圆形度值小于0.8,则采用自由边界映射域。仿真及试验验证抛光结果表明,该方法可以获得高效的无交叉路径,有效降低单一方向运行导致的中频、高频误差,满足抛光路径方向不断变化的实际抛光加工需求,有效消除抛光纹理,并显著提高抛光精度和效率。     

Passive inter-modulation scattering analysis of reflector considering contact nonlinearity

 Passive inter-modulation (PIM) is a form of nonlinear distortion caused by the inherent nonlinearities of the passive devices and components in RF/microwave system. It will degenerate the performance of communication system with broad-band channel and high-sensitivity receiver. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model to simulate this process in order to predict the level of PIM. This paper is aimed at constructing some plate models with one-dimensional and two-dimensional contact nonlinearity sections illuminated by two-tone waves, and calculating the scattered field at a fixed-point in space using time-domain physical optics method. By taking fast Fourier transform (FFT), we get the spectrum of the scattered field and then analyze the generated PIM products. At the end of this paper, some numerical examples are presented to show the influence rules of the relative factors on PIM. The results indicate the variation of the level of PIM with the number of the nonlinear regions, the nonlinear spacing, and the incident power levels.