基于迭代滑模的机械臂控制策略

针对机械臂这类非线性的不确定性系统,基于迭代学习控制与滑模控制策略,提出了一种有效的迭代滑模控制方法。该控制方法通过将滑模控制律引入到迭代学习控制中,并运用Lyapunov理论对控制律进行证明,从而确保系统的稳定性。基于拉格朗日力学法建立动力学模型,得到相对简化的n关节机械臂模型。以一个二关节机械臂为例,通过MATLAB仿真验证所提控制策略可有效提高关节的跟踪速度与跟踪精度,并且在一定程度上可减缓传统滑模控制的抖振现象,与传统迭代学习控制相比,系统具有鲁棒性。物理试验验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

引入DMD方法研究有/无控气流分离的动态结构

为分析非定常流动控制技术抑制分离流的机理,对弯曲扩压通道的试验模型进行了数值模拟,针对扩压通道在无控和采用最佳射流频率状态下的计算结果引入了动力模态分解(DMD)技术进行分析。通过DMD技术能够将包含时空信息的扩压通道复杂流场进行分解,捕获流场包含的动力信息和对应的拟序流动结构。将无控和有控流场分解的结果进行对比分析后表明:采用有效激励措施时,和脱落涡频率一致的涡系对流场的影响更加突显,流场整体上表现得更加有序;非定常控制抑制了一部分涡的增长,使得各模态整体上更加稳定;而有控流场占主导地位的涡系结构相比无控流场较为有序,且对主流区未形成明显的直接影响。     

小型薄片零件高速铣削加工试验研究

针对小型薄片结构零件切削过程中的变形问题,以薄片"一"字电极高速铣削加工试验为例,从编程方式、切削参数选用、工序安排、走刀路线等方面展开研究。控制其变形量达到最小,以满足产品设计要求。     

相对失控翻滚目标悬停的自适应模糊滑模控制

研究了含有系统不确定性和外部干扰的追踪器相对失控翻滚目标悬停的六自由度耦合控制问题。首先，在追踪器本体坐标系中建立了非线性的六自由度耦合的一体化动力学模型，将悬停控制问题转化为相对位置和相对姿态控制问题。再基于模糊逼近原理设计了一种自适应的模糊滑模控制器，该控制器能够有效克服系统的模型不确定性和外部干扰的影响，并能消除传统的抖振问题。由Lyapunov方法导出了模糊自适应律并证明了闭环系统的稳定性。数值仿真验证了所提的自适应模糊滑模控制器的有效性。     

两种求解连续体撞振响应方法对比研究

力积分法和振型转换法是处理连续体撞振问题的常用方法。虽然作者已在前期提出了相对振型转换法,进一步扩展了传统振型转换法的适用范围,但尚未对其与力积分法求解结果差异进行深入研究。文章分别采用力积分法和相对振型转换法对基于工程背景的实际算例进行了数值求解,进而通过一种差异指标研究了刚度、阻尼对求解结果差异的影响。将上述两种方法与现有实验数据进行对比,结果表明,刚度增大与阻尼减小均会导致两种方法的分析结果差异增大,尤其当刚度提高到一定程度,即撞振为刚性撞击时,需要与实验结果对比确定仿真的正确性。对比两种方法数值求解过程可以发现,力积分法易于数值实现,而相对振型转换法具有计算效率高、收敛性好等优点。     

Approach and landing guidance design for reusable launch vehicle using multiple sliding surfaces technique

An autonomous approach and landing (A&L) guidance law is presented in this paper for landing an unpowered reusable launch vehicle (RLV) at the designated runway touchdown.Considering the full nonlinear point-mass dynamics,a guidance scheme is developed in threedimensional space.In order to guarantee a successful A&L movement,the multiple sliding surfaces guidance (MSSG) technique is applied to derive the closed-loop guidance law,which stems from higher order sliding mode control theory and has advantage in the finite time reaching property.The global stability of the proposed guidance approach is proved by the Lyapunov-based method.The designed guidance law can generate new trajectories on-line without any specific requirement on off-line analysis except for the information on the boundary conditions of the A&L phase and instantaneous states of the RLV.Therefore,the designed guidance law is flexible enough to target different touchdown points on the runway and is capable of dealing with large initial condition errors resulted from the previous flight phase.Finally,simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law in different scenarios.     

中性速度稳定性控制律自动补偿方法

为了解决具有中性速度稳定功能的飞机在平飞加减速过程中高度及法向过载变化大的问题,提出了一种自动改变驾驶杆纵向位移的补偿方法并进行了仿真。首先,分析了高度及法向过载变化大的原因;然后,基于迎角、驾驶杆纵向位移及发动机油门杆偏度建立补偿逻辑;最后,通过法向过载与驾驶杆指令成型得到补偿所需的驾驶杆位移。仿真结果表明,所设计的自动补偿控制方法能够明显提高中性速度稳定功能的性能。     

Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

时变干扰下欠驱动AUV水平面轨迹跟踪的反步滑模控制

针对水下自主航天器AUV水平面的轨迹跟踪问题,建立时变外界干扰条件下的运动学模型以及动力学模型,将地面误差变量转换为艇体坐标变量,并推导得出其误差方程。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论研究反步滑模控制的相关算法,设计出时变干扰下的欠驱动AUV水平面轨迹跟踪控制器,最后分析了闭环控制系统中误差信号受到扰动时跟踪误差的敛散性。利用MATLAB/Simulink软件进行仿真实验,得出时变干扰作用下AUV对期望轨迹的跟踪情况,经实验验证本文设计的反步滑模控制器能有效地跟踪复杂轨迹,具有较强的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

永磁直线同步电机滑模控制系统

设计了一种基于滑模变结构的永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)矢量控制系统。从直线电机的基本工作原理出发,通过坐标变换,建立PMLSM在两相同步旋转正交坐标系上的数学模型。基于滑模变结构和李雅普诺夫稳定性理论设计转速调节器,组成PMLSM滑模控制系统。为了验证该控制系统的有效性,在MATLAB/Simulink平台下搭建系统的模型并进行仿真。仿真表明,该控制系统具有很强的鲁棒性。